Effects of semotiadil fumarate (SD-3211) on renal hemodynamics and function in dogs

EXP3174: The Major Active Metabolite of Losartan

“…This result suggested that EXP3 174 has a renal vasodilatory effect in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. We reported that an intrarenal infusion of losartan also increased RBF and GFR (41). Urine flow, urinary sodium excretion (UN,V) and urinary potassium excretion (U,V) increased during the EXP3174 infusion, by 214%, 234%, and 143%, respectively, despite the reduction in mean arterial pressure (Table 1).…”

“…They have been designated AT, and AT, receptors (7). Most researchers consider that most of the known physiological and pharmacological actions of angiotensin 11 are mediated by stimulation of the AT, receptor subtype, including the cardiovascular, renal and central nervous system actions of angiotensin I1 (4,41,(57)(58)(59).…”

The Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin System: From Physiology to the Pathobiology of Hypertension and Kidney Disease

“…In vivo micropuncture studies showed that Ang II blockade increases single nephron filtration rate as well as single nephron plasma flow when arterial pressure is not markedly reduced (Kon et al, 1993;Cervenka et al, 1998;Paul et al, 2006). Similarly, intrarenal infusion of subpressor doses of ARBs significantly increased both whole kidney renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (Nishiyama et al, 1992;Tamaki et al, 1993), suggesting that Ang II blockade increases the glomerular filtration coefficient. Most clinical studies also show that the glomerular filtration rate remains stable when Ang II blockade is instituted (Andersen et al, 2000;Fridman et al, 2000;Agodoa et al, 2001).…”

Angiotensin II Blockade and Renal Protection

“…However, if renal perfusion pressure remains within the renal autoregulatory range, RBF is generally increased by an ARB [4, 14]. It is important to note that, rather than predominantly constricting the glomerular efferent arteriole, Ang II elicits vasoconstrictor actions on both pre- and post-glomerular resistance vessels [2].…”

“…Furthermore, ARB-induced renal vasodilation results in an increase in renal blood flow (RBF), leading to improvement of renal ischemia and hypoxia [4, 5]. ARB is also effective in reducing urinary albumin excretion rate, independent of blood pressure reduction [6, 7].…”