Effects of Semantic and Associative Relatedness on Automatic Priming

Thompson-Schill, Sharon L.; Kurtz, Kenneth J.; Gabrieli, John D. E.

doi:10.1006/jmla.1997.2559

Cited by 167 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…In behavioral studies of semantic priming, the priming effect can either be symmetric (salt → pepper is the same as pepper → salt), or asymmetric (stork →baby is not the same as baby→ stork), and can be biased by the larger semantic context (Thompson-Schill et al, 1998). The carry-over effect of such stimuli could be examined as above, but additional matrices that do not impose symmetry across stimulus transitions would be needed.…”

Section: Carry-over Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous carry-over designs for fMRI

2007

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This paper describes continuous carry-over fMRI experiments. In these studies, stimuli are presented in an unbroken, sequential manner, and can be used to estimate simultaneously the mean difference in neural activity between stimuli as well as the effect of one stimulus upon another (carry-over effects). Neural adaptation, which has been the basis of many recent fMRI studies, is shown to be a specific form of carry-over effect. With this approach, the adapting effects of stimuli may be studied in a continuous sequence, as opposed to within isolated pairs or blocks. Additionally, the average, direct effect of a stimulus upon neural response can form the basis of a simultaneously obtained distributed pattern analysis, allowing comparison of neural population coding on focal (within voxel) and distributed (across voxel) spatial scales. These studies are ideally conducted with serially balanced sequences, in which every stimulus precedes and follows every other stimulus. While msequences can provide this stimulus order, the type 1 index 1 sequence of Finney and Outhwaite may be used in fMRI studies for those experimental designs for which an m-sequence solution does not exist. Continuous carry-over designs with serially balanced sequences are argued to be particularly well suited to the characterization of "similarity spaces," in which the perceptual similarity of stimuli is related to the structure of neural representation both within and across voxels. These concepts are illustrated with a worked example involving the neural representation of color. It is shown that data from a single scanning session is sufficient to detect direct and carry-over effects, as well as demonstrate the correspondence of the similarity structure of distributed patterns of neural firing and the perceptual similarity of a set of colors.

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Section: Carry-over Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous carry-over designs for fMRI

2007

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“…Some researchers (e.g., Shelton & Martin, 1992) have argued that priming depends on associative relations between words that are the result of co-occurrence in natural language. Other researchers (e.g., Thompson-Schill, Kurtz, & Gabrieli, 1998) have argued, however, that priming is not mediated by associative relations between words. According to these researchers, priming depends on semantic similarity which is usually defined as overlap in featural descriptions.…”

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confidence: 94%

Associative Repetition Priming: A Selective Review and Theoretical Implications

Zeelenberg

Pecher²,

Raaijmakers³

2002

Rethinking Implicit Memory

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“…The flow of thought is represented as a network of concepts or nodes, and the activation of a concept leads to activation of associated concepts that are nearby in the network. Although particular pairs of thoughts may exhibit asymmetrical associative links (e.g., nose leads to job more strongly than job leads to nose) these pathways of activation are understood as given by learned patterns of word association, not by transitory variations in mental control (e.g., Thompson-Schill, Kurtz, & Gabrieli, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%