Effects of selective-wavelength block filters on pupillary light reflex under red and blue light stimuli

Ishikawa, Hitoshi; Onodera, Asami; Asakawa, Ken; Nakadomari, Satoshi; Shimizu, Kimiya

doi:10.1007/s10384-011-0116-1

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…For example, selectively blocking exposure to short-wavelength light (e.g., using specialized goggles) has been shown to prevent the suppressive effects of moderately-bright white light on melatonin production26272829. Analogous findings have been reported for the pupillary light reflex, in which filtering of short-wavelength light (460 nm to 480 nm) reduced sustained pupillary constriction responses to a bright blue light stimulus (470 nm, 100 cd m −2 )30. In contrast to studies that have examined the immediate effects of a blue-blocking intervention (i.e., over minutes or hours), a recent study showed that blocking short-wavelength light ( < 550 nm) continuously for 2 weeks altered the sensitivity of melatonin suppression31.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Pupillary responses to short-wavelength light are preserved in aging

Rukmini

Miléa

Aung

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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With aging, less blue light reaches the retina due to gradual yellowing of the lens. This could result in reduced activation of blue light-sensitive melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells, which mediate non-visual light responses (e.g., the pupillary light reflex, melatonin suppression, and circadian resetting). Herein, we tested the hypothesis that older individuals show greater impairment of pupillary responses to blue light relative to red light. Dose-response curves for pupillary constriction to 469-nm blue light and 631-nm red light were compared between young normal adults aged 21–30 years (n = 60) and older adults aged ≥50 years (normal, n = 54; mild cataract, n = 107; severe cataract, n = 18). Irrespective of wavelength, pupillary responses were reduced in older individuals and further attenuated by severe, but not mild, cataract. The reduction in pupillary responses was comparable in response to blue light and red light, suggesting that lens yellowing did not selectively reduce melanopsin-dependent light responses. Compensatory mechanisms likely occur in aging that ensure relative constancy of pupillary responses to blue light despite changes in lens transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Pupillary responses to short-wavelength light are preserved in aging

Rukmini

Miléa

Aung

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…However, after the discovery of ipRGCs, pupillometric studies have shown the importance of including color stimulation (Hattar et al, 2002). It seems that at 100 cd/m 2 , these cells have peak sensitivity to 470 nm wavelength (Ishikawa et al, 2012) and they participate in the pupil light reflex response (Provencio et al, 2000; Berson, 2003; Hatori and Panda, 2010; Schmidt et al, 2011). Blue light is often used to measure ipRGC function (Herbst et al, 2012), whereas red light is used to asses outer retina functioning (rods and predominantly cones) (Leon et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupillary behavior in relation to wavelength and age

Lobato-Rincón

Cabanillas-Campos

Bonnin-Arias

et al. 2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Pupil light reflex can be used as a non-invasive ocular predictor of cephalic autonomic nervous system integrity. Spectral sensitivity of the pupil's response to light has, for some time, been an interesting issue. It has generally, however, only been investigated with the use of white light and studies with monochromatic wavelengths are scarce. This study investigates the effects of wavelength and age within three parameters of the pupil light reflex (amplitude of response, latency, and velocity of constriction) in a large sample of younger and older adults (N = 97), in mesopic conditions. Subjects were exposed to a single light stimulus at four different wavelengths: white (5600°K), blue (450 nm), green (510 nm), and red (600 nm). Data was analyzed appropriately, and, when applicable, using the General Linear Model (GLM), Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), Student's t-test and/or ANCOVA. Across all subjects, pupillary response to light had the greatest amplitude and shortest latency in white and green light conditions. In regards to age, older subjects (46–78 years) showed an increased latency in white light and decreased velocity of constriction in green light compared to younger subjects (18–45 years old). This study provides data patterns on parameters of wavelength-dependent pupil reflexes to light in adults and it contributes to the large body of pupillometric research. It is hoped that this study will add to the overall evaluation of cephalic autonomic nervous system integrity.

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“…The 470 nm blue light used in this study stimulates not only the photoreceptor cells, but also mRGCs. [5][6][7][8] In the report of Tarttelin et al concerning the time of expression of opsin during early stages of development, melanopsin was present, but rhodopsin was not observed in human embryos at 8-13 weeks gestational age. 10 Our present findings are consistent with those of Hanita et al and Tarttelin et al 9,10 Generally, vision can be classified into two types: image forming and non-image forming.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupillary Size and Light Reflex in Premature Infants

Ikeda

Ishikawa

Shimizu

et al. 2015

Neuro-Ophthalmology

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The authors examined pupillary light reflexes to both red and blue stimuli using infrared video-pupillography in premature infants. Pupillary light reflexes were obtained in response to 470 nm blue and 635 nm red stimuli with varying intensities of 10 cd/m 2 and 100 cd/m 2 . Red stimuli did not evoke a pupillary response in premature infants. However, blue stimuli produced a pupillary reflex, and the extent of the reaction was dependent on the intensity of the stimulus. These results suggest that in premature infants, the origin of light reflex may be mediated predominately by melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells.

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Effects of selective-wavelength block filters on pupillary light reflex under red and blue light stimuli

Abstract: These results suggest that the mRGC in humans may respond to 470-nm-wavelength light at 100 cd/m(2), and there is a possibility of affecting the sustained phase of the light reflex without changing visual performance.

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Pupillary responses to short-wavelength light are preserved in aging

Pupillary responses to short-wavelength light are preserved in aging

Pupillary behavior in relation to wavelength and age

Pupillary Size and Light Reflex in Premature Infants

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