Effects of Selected Prebiotics or Synbiotics Administered in ovo on Lymphocyte Subsets in Bursa of the Fabricius, Thymus, and Spleen in Non-Immunized and Immunized Chicken Broilers

Abstract

The effects of in ovo-delivered prebiotics and synbiotics on the lymphocyte subsets of the lymphoid organs in non-immunized 7-day-old broiler chickens and in non-immunized, sheep red blood cells (SRBC)-immunized, and dextran (DEX)-immunized 21- and 35-day-old birds were studied. The substances were injected on the 12th day of egg incubation: Prebiotic1 group (Pre1) with a solution of inulin, Prebiotic2 group (Pre2) with a solution of Bi2tos (non-digestive transgalacto-oligosaccharides), Synbiotic1 group (Syn1) with inulin and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IBB SL1, and Synbiotic2 group (Syn2) with Bi2tos and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris IBB SC1. In 7-day-old chicks, a decrease in T splenocytes was noticed in all groups. The most pronounced effect in 21- and 35-day-old birds was an increase in TCRγδ+ cells in Syn1 and Syn2 groups. A decrease in bursal B cells was observed in DEX-immunized Pre1 group (21-day-old birds), and in the Syn1 group in non-immunized and SRBC-immunized 35-day-old birds. An increase in double-positive lymphocytes was observed in Pre1 (35-day-old birds) and Pre2 (immunized 21-day-old birds) groups. In Pre1 and Syn1 groups (21- and 35-day-old), an increase in B splenocytes and a decrease in T splenocytes were observed. We concluded that Syn1 was the most effective in the stimulation of the chicken immune system.

Enzymatically treated yeast bolstered growth performance of broiler chicks from young broiler breeders linked to improved indices of intestinal function, integrity, and immunity

“…A healthy gut has been associated with low pathogen loads primarily of commercial concern, such as Eimeria, Coccidiosis, and Clostridium ( Luo et al, 2013 ), and consequently low flock disease burden. Other than vaccinations, immunity indices can be modulated through feeding bioactives such as yeast and yeast derivatives ( Szczypka et al, 2021 ; Vailati-Riboni et al, 2021 ). We observed that feeding yeast to YBC increased jejunal and plasma IgA, an immune protein associated with health resilience, especially concerning the humoral immune system of the intestinal environment.…”

Managing Gut Microbiota through In Ovo Nutrition Influences Early-Life Programming in Broiler Chickens

“…lactis was the most effective stimulator to the immune system [111] Prebiotics Galactooligosaccharides (3.5 mg/egg) Air cell on day 12 of incubation Galactooligosaccharides administered in ovo down-regulated the expression of immune-related genes that were activated by heat stress.…”

“…While most of the immune system development in broilers happens early in life, it is essential to have access to the bioactive compounds that can enhance the development and maturation of the immune system. Probiotics and prebiotics have the ability to stimulate the proper development of the immune system [ 18 , 111 , 112 ]. Moreover, early stimulation of the gut microbiota via supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, or their combination can enhance the productivity and health of newly hatched chicks [ 14 , 113 , 114 ].…”

“…A recent study used different kinds of prebiotics and synbiotics for in ovo stimulation in broiler chickens [ 111 ]. They concluded that in ovo administration with synbiotic (inulin and Lactococcus lactis subsp.…”

“…They concluded that in ovo administration with synbiotic (inulin and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IBB SL1 was the most effective stimulator to the immune system [ 111 ]. The findings of a recent study demonstrated also that prebiotics or synbiotics showed a great induction of the immune-related genes in the spleen and cecal tonsils of broilers.…”