Effects of seeding method, timing and site selection on the production and quality of sugar kelp, Saccharina latissima: A Danish case study

Boderskov, Teis; Nielsen, Mette Møller; Rasmussen, Michael Bo; Balsby, Thorsten J. S.; Macleod, Adrian; Sloth, Jens Jørgen; Bruhn, Annette

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2020.102160

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Our results con rm previous studies that found relatively poor growth of S. latissima after using the binder technique in situ compared to traditional hatchery methods (Boderskov et al 2021;Forbord et al 2020). Adherence of sporophytes onto substrate was found problematic both in situ (Boderskov et al 2021;Forbord et al 2020) as well as under controlled laboratory conditions (Umanzor et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Adherence of kelp (Saccharina latissima) gametophytes on ropes with different binder treatments and flow regimes

Visch

Larson

Åberg

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The cultivation of kelp typically involves two stages, where an indoor hatchery phase proceeds the grow-out phase at-sea. The in situ adhesion of microscopic propagules onto specifically designed substrates using binders has been proposed as an alternative to conventional hatchery methods where juvenile seaweeds are cultured on seeded twine, aimed at saving resources while increasing productivity as it obviates the hatchery phase. Here we tested how well kelp (Saccharina latissima) gametophytes adhere to cultivation ropes using two binder types (agar and κ-carrageenan) and application treatment (separate or mixed application) under two ecologically relevant flow regimes (5 and 15 cm s− 1), and a control condition (0 cm s− 1) in a laboratory flume. Our findings indicate that the effectiveness of a binder to retain S. latissima gametophytes onto cultivation rope, measured by the sporophyte density, was comparable for all binder types in the high flow velocity (15 cm s− 1) treatments, including the non-binder control treatment. Sporophyte densities were highest in the low flow velocities (0 and 5 cm s− 1) in the absence of a binder compared to all other treatment combinations. In conclusion, our results highlight that the effectiveness of binder assisted seeding of kelp propagules did not differ between the binder and non-binder treatments and was unaffected by flow velocities for the binder treatments. These findings are important in the development of novel methods and further optimisation of existing binder-based methods aimed at retaining seaweed propagules onto cultivation rope.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Adherence of kelp (Saccharina latissima) gametophytes on ropes with different binder treatments and flow regimes

Visch

Larson

Åberg

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In Germany, a much lower limit of 20 mg kg −1 dw iodine in seaweed has been recommended (BfR 2007). The iodine content found in the present study was high, which is expected for S. latissima, and within the range of previous studies (1612-6568 mg kg −1 dw) (Roleda et al 2018;Stévant et al 2018;Boderskov et al 2021). However, the iodine concentration can be reduced by 38-94% by post-harvesting processing such as blanching, boiling, and fermentation, as found by Lüning and Mortensen (2015), Bruhn et al (2019), andNielsen et al (2020).…”

Section: Minerals Contentsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…A reduction of 22% in growth at a salinity of 21 psu compared to the growth at 33 psu for juvenile S. latissima has also been reported in the NW Atlantic (Gerard et al 1987). The growth of S. latissima was also reduced at freshwater-influenced sites in Danish water (Bruhn et al 2016;Boderskov et al 2021). Therefore, our results support the theory of Kerrison et al (2015), who recommended that the salinity for S. latissima cultivation should be in the range of 30-35 psu and should not suffer from significant seasonal or sporadic reductions below this.…”

Section: Growthsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Our data also shows that cultivation depth has a clear effect on the analyzed mineral content of S. latissima. The phosphorus content in the present study was 1.3-4.8 g kg −1 dw, comparable to S. latisima cultivated in central Norway and Faroe Islands (Sharma et al 2018;Bak 2019), but higher than that reported for S. latissima cultivated in Danish waters, which ranged between 1.1 and 1.3 g kg −1 dW (Boderskov et al 2021). The phosphorus content was also shown to be 40% higher at the Kraknes site than at the Rotsund site, indicating there can be significant differences between sites resulting from environmental parameters.…”

Section: Minerals Contentsupporting

confidence: 58%

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Effects of site, depth and sori origin on the growth and minerals composition of cultivated Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae) in the north of Norway

et al. 2021

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Interest in the cultivation of Saccharina latissima is increasing in the north of Norway. In the present study, S. latissima was cultivated at two sites (Kraknes and Rotsund), 90 km apart, in Troms, northern Norway (69–70°N). The effect of site, depth, and sori origin (Kraknes and Rotsund) on S. latissima growth, biofouling, minerals, and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) content was studied. Large variations in the frond length and wet weight were observed between sites. The site with lower seawater temperature, higher nutrient levels and no freshwater influence (Kraknes) had better growth and later outbreak of epibionts. Sori origin had a significant effect on the growth only at the Kraknes site with S. latissima produced from the Kraknes sori having longer frond length and higher wet weight. The iodine content was, in general, high and increased with cultivation depth. The arsenic and cadmium content varied between sites and was lower than the recommended maximum level for food supplements in EU regulations. The present study shows that growth, biofouling, minerals, and PTEs content vary profoundly within the same geographical region and between sori origin, it thereby underlines the importance of site selection and using traits with high growth rates for seeding and cultivation to achieve maximum biomass.

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“…Seaweed farming is gaining increasing interest globally, for its economic and ecological values (Hasselström et al, 2018;Boderskov et al, 2021), and the world seaweed production has tripled since the early 2000s (FAO, 2020). The cultivated seaweed provides sustainable sources for food, feed, biofuels, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and other biotechnological products at no cost of agricultural land, freshwater irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticides needed by terrestrial crops (Forbord et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrying capacity of Saccharina latissima cultivation in a Dutch coastal bay: a modelling assessment

Jiang

Blommaert

Jansen

et al. 2022

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Kelp cultivation receives increasing interest for its high-value products and ecological services, especially in Europe and North America. Before industrial kelp farming in marine ecosystems continue to scale up, evaluation of the site-wide production relative to ecological carrying capacity (CC) of the identified system is essential. For this purpose, a mechanistic kelp model was developed and applied for hypothetical numerical experiments of expanding the farming area in a Dutch coastal bay (the Eastern Scheldt), where cultivation of Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp) is emerging. The kelp model was implemented within a three-dimensional hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model to account for the environmental interactions. The model captured the seasonal growth dynamics of S. latissima, as well as its carbon and nitrogen contents measured at the Eastern Scheldt pilot sites. The model results suggest that expanding the kelp farming area to ∼1–30% of the bay (representing ∼3.4–75 kt harvest dry weight in the 350-km2 bay) had the potential to weaken the spring bloom, and thereby affected the coexisting shellfish culture in the bay. Competition between S. latissima and phytoplankton mostly occurred in late spring for nutrients (dissolved inorganic nitrogen). The ecological CC should be weighed according to these negative impacts. However, the production CC was not reached even when farming ∼30% of the Eastern Scheldt, i.e. harvesting totally 75 kt dry mass, given that the simulated overall S. latissima production kept increasing with the farming activity. Our modelling approach can be applied to other systems for S. latissima cultivation and assist in assessing CC and environmental impacts.

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Effects of seeding method, timing and site selection on the production and quality of sugar kelp, Saccharina latissima: A Danish case study

Cited by 21 publications

References 43 publications

Adherence of kelp (Saccharina latissima) gametophytes on ropes with different binder treatments and flow regimes

Adherence of kelp (Saccharina latissima) gametophytes on ropes with different binder treatments and flow regimes

Effects of site, depth and sori origin on the growth and minerals composition of cultivated Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae) in the north of Norway

Carrying capacity of Saccharina latissima cultivation in a Dutch coastal bay: a modelling assessment

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