Effects of Sediment Type and Tank Shape on Horseshoe Crab (Limulus polyphemus) Growth and Survival in Culture

Hieb, Elizabeth E.; Baggett, Jacy D.; Aven, Allen; Carmichael, Ruth H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19542-1_16

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…). Hieb, Baggett, Aven and Carmichael () demonstrated that juvenile American horseshoe crabs reared in natural sediment had significantly higher survival rates compared to those in clean sand, and this was attributed mainly to the presence of sediment‐derived organic matter in their diet. However, the dietary effects of microalgae on growth and haemolymph quality of cultured juveniles are virtually unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been observed that early-instar stages of juvenile horseshoe crabs primarily feed on suspended particulate organic matter, including phytoplankton and microalgae, in the field (Gaines, Carmichael, Grady & Valiela 2002;Carmichael et al 2009). Hieb, Baggett, Aven and Carmichael (2015) demonstrated that juvenile American horseshoe crabs reared in natural sediment had significantly higher survival rates compared to those in clean sand, and this was attributed mainly to the presence of sediment-derived organic matter in their diet. However, the dietary effects of microalgae on growth and haemolymph quality of cultured juveniles are virtually unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine microalgae as dietary supplements in the culture of juvenile Chinese horseshoe crabs,Tachypleus tridentatus(Xiphosura)

et al. 2016

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Five treatments (short‐neck clam Ruditapes philippinarum and four formulated diets with the green microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta or the golden‐brown microalgae Isochrysis galbana in the ratio (dw/dw) of 5% or 10% to that of clam meat) were used to investigate the growth performance and haemolymph quality of juvenile Chinese horseshoe crabs Tachypleus tridentatus under laboratory culture. At the end of the 12‐week study, various growth and moulting indicators as well as haemolymph biochemical parameters did not show any significant differences among the treatments. Significantly higher percentages of haemolymph amoebocyte viability and granular‐spherical amoebocyte state were noted in both 5% and 10% I. galbana‐supplemented diets compared to that of clam meat. However, the percentages of these two haemolymph parameters in juveniles fed with D. tertiolecta decreased significantly at the end of the experiment. Such differences were attributed to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), notably eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in I. galbana that was absent in D. tertiolecta and clam meat. Like many marine invertebrates, juvenile horseshoe crabs do not naturally obtain sufficient PUFAs from their diets to meet developmental and physiological needs; hence, supplementing microalgae with high levels of EPA in a protein‐rich diet boosts immune competence and the health status of juvenile horseshoe crabs while under culture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine microalgae as dietary supplements in the culture of juvenile Chinese horseshoe crabs,Tachypleus tridentatus(Xiphosura)

et al. 2016

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“…However, given that horseshoe crab populations are threatened and even endangered across the distribution range, previous studies suggest the use of artificially cultured horseshoe crabs is useful to explain the habitat selection mechanisms and distribution patterns of the wild populations ( e.g. , Medina & Tankersley, 2010 ; Hieb et al, 2015 ; Kwan et al, 2020 ; Chan et al, 2022 ). Apart from this, horseshoe crabs are also likely to use multiple sensory cues, particularly visual cues, in settlement habitat selection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically mediated rheotaxis of endangered tri-spine horseshoe crab: potential dispersing mechanism to vegetated nursery habitats along the coast

Kwan

Yang

Wang

et al. 2022

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Background An enhanced understanding of larval ecology is fundamental to improve the management of locally depleted horseshoe crab populations in Asia. Recent studies in the northern Beibu Gulf, China demonstrated that nesting sites of Asian horseshoe crabs are typically close to their nursery beaches with high-density juveniles distributed around mangrove, seagrass and other structured habitats. Methods A laboratory Y-maze chamber was used to test whether the dispersal of early-stage juvenile tri-spine horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus is facilitated by chemical cues to approach suitable nursery habitats. The juvenile orientation to either side of the chamber containing controlled seawater or another with various vegetation cues, as well as their movement time, the largest distance and displacement were recorded. Results The juveniles preferred to orient toward seagrass Halophila beccarii cues when the concentration reached 0.5 g l−1, but ceased at 2 g l−1. The results can be interpreted as a shelter-seeking process to get closer to the preferred settlement habitats. However, the juveniles exhibited avoidance behaviors in the presence of mangrove Avicennia marina and invasive saltmarsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora at 2 g l−1. The juveniles also spent less time moving in the presence of the A. marina cue, as well as reduced displacement in water containing the S. alterniflora cue at 1 and 2 g l−1. These results may explain the absence of juvenile T. tridentatus within densely vegetated areas, which have generally higher organic matter and hydrogen sulfide. Conclusion Early-stage juvenile T. tridentatus are capable of detecting and responding to habitat chemical cues, which can help guide them to high-quality settlement habitats. Preserving and restoring seagrass beds in the intertidal areas should be prioritized when formulating habitat conservation and management initiatives for the declining horseshoe crab populations.

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Captive Breeding Success and Pitfalls for Horseshoe Crab, Limulus polyphemus, at CERCOM, Molloy College

Maurelli

2022

International Horseshoe Crab Conservation and Research Efforts: 2007- 2020

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Effects of Sediment Type and Tank Shape on Horseshoe Crab (Limulus polyphemus) Growth and Survival in Culture

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Marine microalgae as dietary supplements in the culture of juvenile Chinese horseshoe crabs,Tachypleus tridentatus(Xiphosura)

Marine microalgae as dietary supplements in the culture of juvenile Chinese horseshoe crabs,Tachypleus tridentatus(Xiphosura)

Chemically mediated rheotaxis of endangered tri-spine horseshoe crab: potential dispersing mechanism to vegetated nursery habitats along the coast

Captive Breeding Success and Pitfalls for Horseshoe Crab, Limulus polyphemus, at CERCOM, Molloy College

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