Effects of sediment on spore performance as a potential constraint on kelp distribution

Picard, Manon M. M.; Johnson, Ladd E.; Côté, Isabelle M.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114336

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Sediment scour is particularly influential in determining the survival and success of kelp microstages, especially during settlement and attachment to the substratum. The literature indicates that scouring effects and burial strongly inhibit spore germination in S. latissima and A. esculenta (Picard, Johnson, & Côté, 2022 ), gametophyte survival in S. latissima (Traiger & Konar, 2017 ), and sporophyte germination and growth in M. pyrifera , S. latissima and A. esculenta (Muth et al, 2021 ; Zacher et al, 2016 ). Interestingly, however, Picard, Johnson, and Côté ( 2022 ) and Picard, Johnson, Ferrario, et al ( 2022 ) show that increased sediment loads actually improve spore attachment in S. latissima , and suggest that this is due to the chemotactic responses of spores to nutrients carried by sediment granules.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Responses to sedimentation are therefore complex and likely to be species‐specific. Indeed, S. latissima is considered to be relatively tolerant to variations in turbidity when compared to A. esculenta or N. luetkeana (Picard, Johnson, & Côté, 2022 ; Traiger & Konar, 2017 ), and may gain a competitive advantage from an increase in sediment loads in glacially‐influenced waters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutrient availability can be a limiting factor for kelp growth and plays a role in determining the limits of distribution of some species (Strong‐Wright & Taylor, 2022 ). However, nutrient fluxes tend to interact significantly with other environmental conditions; for example, nutrient availability varies substantially by temperature, and we have already discussed how nutrients may be carried by sediment granules (Picard, Johnson, & Côté, 2022 ). Indeed, nutrient supply is often inextricably linked to large‐scale, complex climatic processes (Dayton et al, 1992 ; Ladah & Zertuche‐González, 2022 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of kelp forests in Alaska, based on the trends observed throughout this review, we would expect S. latissima to expand its distributional range throughout the Alaskan region. This species is relatively warm‐adapted (Andersen et al, 2013 ; Li, Monteiro, et al, 2020 ) and is also resilient to changes in sediment load and light penetration (Picard, Johnson, & Côté, 2022 ; Picard, Johnson, Ferrario, et al, 2022 ; Roleda & Dethleff, 2011 ; Traiger & Konar, 2017 ), and will therefore be able to persist in warming waters and glacially‐influenced areas. Macrocystis pyrifera is also likely to expand northwards and may come to dominate the high‐latitude subtidal in wave‐influenced areas (Hollarsmith et al, 2020 ; Le et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is likely that kelp species with current cold‐temperate, subpolar, or polar distributions will experience significant range contractions over the coming decades, which may be exacerbated by extreme climatic events such as marine heatwaves, potentially to the point of local extirpations or global extinctions (Thomsen et al, 2019 ; Wilson et al, 2019 ). Additionally, polar, subpolar, and cold‐temperate regions are susceptible to the effects of glacial melt, which contributes to decreased salinities and increased sedimentary deposits at glacial outflows, both of which have been shown to impact kelp physiology and the provision of ecosystem services (Lind & Konar, 2017 ; Picard, Johnson, & Côté, 2022 ; Traiger & Konar, 2017 ; Vettori et al, 2020 ). Glacial contraction is likely to be exacerbated by increasing sea surface temperatures, resulting in a higher rate of freshwater and sediment deposition into coastal environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

High‐latitude kelps and future oceans: A review of multiple stressor impacts in a changing world

Drakard

Hollarsmith

Stekoll

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Kelp forests worldwide are threatened by both climate change and localized anthropogenic impacts. Species with cold-temperate, subpolar, or polar distributions are projected to experience range contractions over the coming decades, which may be exacerbated by climatic events such as marine heatwaves and increased freshwater and sediment input from rapidly contracting glaciers. The northeast Pacific has an extensive history of harvesting and cultivating kelps for subsistence, commercial, and other uses, and, therefore, declines in kelp abundance and distributional shifts will have significant impacts on this region. Gaps in our understanding of how coldtemperate kelp species respond to climate stressors have limited our ability to forecast the status of kelp forests in future oceans, which hampers conservation and management efforts. Here, we conducted a structured literature review to provide a synthesis of the impacts of multiple climate-related stressors on kelp forests in the northeast Pacific, assess existing knowledge gaps, and suggest potential research priorities. We chose to focus on temperature, salinity, sediment load, and light as the stressors most likely to vary and impact kelps as climate change progresses. Our results revealed biases in the existing literature toward studies investigating the impacts of temperature, or temperature in combination with light. Other stressors, particularly salinity and sediment load, have received much less focus despite rapidly changing conditions in high-latitude regions. Furthermore, multiple stressor studies appear to focus on kelp sporophytes, and it is necessary that we improve our understanding of how kelp microstages will be affected by stressor combinations. Finally, studies that investigate the potential of experimental transplantation or selective cultivation of genotypes resilient to environmental changes are lacking and would be useful for the conservation of wild populations and the seaweed aquaculture industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐latitude kelps and future oceans: A review of multiple stressor impacts in a changing world

Drakard

Hollarsmith

Stekoll

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Victim of changes? Marine macroalgae in a changing world

Hanley,

Firth,

Foggo

2023

Annals of Botany

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Background Marine macroalgae (‘seaweeds’) are a diverse and globally distributed group of photosynthetic organisms that together generate considerable primary productivity, provide an array of different habitats for other organisms, and contribute many important ecosystem functions and services. As a result of continued anthropogenic stress on marine systems, many macroalgal species and habitats face an uncertain future, risking their vital contribution to global productivity and ecosystem service provision. Scope After briefly considering the remarkable taxonomy and ecological distribution of marine macroalgae, we review how the threats posed by a combination of anthropogenically induced stressors affect seaweed species and communities. From there we highlight five critical avenues for further research to explore (long-term monitoring, use of functional traits, focus on early ontogeny, biotic interactions and impact of marine litter on coastal vegetation). Conclusions Although there are considerable parallels with terrestrial vascular plant responses to the many threats posed by anthropogenic stressors, we note that the impacts of some (e.g. habitat loss) are much less keenly felt in the oceans than on land. Nevertheless, and in common with terrestrial plant communities, the impact of climate change will inevitably be the most pernicious threat to the future persistence of seaweed species, communities and service provision. While understanding macroalgal responses to simultaneous environmental stressors is inevitably a complex exercise, our attempt to highlight synergies with terrestrial systems, and provide five future research priorities to elucidate some of the important trends and mechanisms of response, may yet offer some small contribution to this goal.

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The effect of sedimentation on spore settlement and recruitment of the endemic Arctic kelp, Laminaria solidungula (Phaeophyceae)

Phelps,

Dunton,

Konar

et al. 2024

Journal of Phycology

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Environmental changes associated with rapid climate change in the Arctic, such as the increased rates of sedimentation from climatic or anthropogenic sources, can enhance the impact of abiotic stressors on coastal ecosystems. High sedimentation rates can be detrimental to nearshore kelp abundance and distribution, possibly due to increased mortality at the spore settlement stage. Spore settlement and viability of the Arctic kelp Laminaria solidungula were examined through a series of lab‐based sedimentation experiments. Spores were exposed to increasing sediment loads in three experimental designs simulating different sedimentation scenarios: sediment deposition above settled spores, settlement of spores on sediment‐covered substrate, and simultaneous suspension of spores and sediments during settlement. Spore settlement was recorded upon completion of each experiment, and gametophyte abundance was assessed following a growth period with sediments removed to examine short‐term spore viability via a gametophyte‐to‐settled‐spore ratio. In all three types of sediment exposure, the addition of sediments caused a 30%–40% reduction in spore settlement relative to a no‐sediment control. Spore settlement decreased significantly between the low and high sediment treatments when spores were settled onto sediment‐covered substrates. In all experiments, increasing amounts of sediment had no significant effect on spore viability, indicating that spores that had settled under different short‐term sediment conditions were viable. Our results indicate that depending on spore‐sediment interaction type, higher rates of sedimentation resulting from increased sediment loading could affect L. solidungula spore settlement success with potential impacts on the long‐term persistence of a diverse and productive benthic habitat.

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Effects of sediment on spore performance as a potential constraint on kelp distribution

Cited by 4 publications

References 76 publications

High‐latitude kelps and future oceans: A review of multiple stressor impacts in a changing world

High‐latitude kelps and future oceans: A review of multiple stressor impacts in a changing world

Victim of changes? Marine macroalgae in a changing world

The effect of sedimentation on spore settlement and recruitment of the endemic Arctic kelp, Laminaria solidungula (Phaeophyceae)

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