Effects of Sedation and Supplemental Oxygen During Upper Alimentary Tract Endoscopy

Reed, Malcolm W. R.; Leary, D. P. O; Majeed, Ali W.; Wright, Becky B.; Reilly, C.S.

doi:10.1097/00132586-199312000-00039

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…11 Transient hypoxia developed even in patients who receive routine supplemental oxygen in 16% of routine endoscopic procedures with sedation. 12 The proportion of patients in our study in whom transient hypoxia developed, requiring an increase in oxygen, was slightly lower but consistent with these previous studies. Of course, there may be some degree of variation in the use of oxygen by practitioners.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sedation during endoscopy for patients at risk of obstructive sleep apnea

Khiani¹,

Salah²,

Maimone³

et al. 2009

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sedation during endoscopy for patients at risk of obstructive sleep apnea

Khiani¹,

Salah²,

Maimone³

et al. 2009

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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“…Our study showed that hypoxia is a common problem during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with or without sedation, and that sedation significantly increases the incidence of hypoxia. These findings are similar to those of Reed and colleagues, who reported that oxygen desaturation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy occurs in both sedated and nonsedated patients, and that the incidence of hypoxia increased with sedation [6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…[10] and Reed et al . [6] both recommended oxygen supplementation at 4 l.min −1 intranasally, to be given at 5 min and 2 min, respectively, before the start of endoscopy. The reasons for these recommendations were not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Withholding sedation does not necessarily prevent desaturation and hypoxia in patients undergoing endoscopy, and although sedation increases the incidence of desaturation and hypoxia, this can be completely abolished by supplementary nasal oxygen at 4 l.min −1. Since our study has shown that pre‐oxygenation confers no additional benefit, we propose that the ‘pre‐oxygenation’ time recommended by other authors [6–10] should be omitted. This could be cost and time saving, especially in a busy endoscopy unit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypoxia during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with and without sedation and the effect of pre‐oxygenation on oxygen saturation

Wang¹,

Ling

Cardosa

et al. 2000

Anaesthesia

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SummaryIn Study A, the incidence of arterial oxygen desaturation was studied using pulse oximetry (S a o 2 ) in 100 sedated and 100 nonsedated patients breathing room air who underwent diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Hypoxia (S a o 2 92% or less of at least 15 s duration) occurred in 17% and 6% of sedated patients and nonsedated patients, respectively (p , 0.03). Mild desaturation (S a o 2 94% or less and less than 15 s duration) occurred in 47% of sedated patients compared with 12% of nonsedated patients (p , 0.001). In Study B, the effects of supplementary oxygen therapy and the effects of different pre-oxygenation times on arterial oxygen saturation (S a o 2 ) in sedated patients were studied using pulse oximetry. One hundred and twenty patients who underwent diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with intravenous sedation were studied.

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“…[4][5][6][7] And irrespective of sedation, randomized control trial have shown that hypoxia is a common problem during OGD and sedation signifi cantly increases the incidence of hypoxia, thus requiring further monitoring and intervention, if required. [8][9][10] However, procedure is associated with substantial pre-procedural anxiety and procedure related discomfort despite a low rate of medical complications and endoscopist tend to underestimate patient's level of discomfort. 11 So the objectives of this study are to determine changes in oxygen saturation, blood pressure and pulses rate during endoscopic procedure and to evaluate upper GI endoscopy related discomfort assessed by patient among sedated and non sedated group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Sedation and Pulse Oximetry During Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

et al. 2009

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Introduction: To determine the changes in oxygen saturation, blood pressure and pulse rate during endoscopic procedure and to evaluate – oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) related discomfort assessed by the patient. Methods:It is observational case control study. Baseline pulse, blood pressure and oxygen saturation were monitored before procedure, at one minute of procedure, at fi ve minute and soon after procedure. Patients were randomly selected according to lottery system (1: without sedation and 2: with sedation) and divided into two groups; without and with sedation. Before leaving department they were asked about level of discomfort during and after procedure. Results:Patient’s mean age ± SD: 36.65, ± 11.42 years and 53.3% were men. Base line mean oxygen saturation among sedated patient were 96.77 ±1.56 % and 97.23, ± 2.26 % respectively (P=0.358). Mild to moderate hypoxia was noted more in sedated patient than in non sedated patient. Severe hypoxia was noted in 3.3% of sedated patient. No statistically signifi cant change was noticed in pulse and blood pressure in both the group. None or only slight discomfort was experienced by 9.4% in non sedated group and 90.6% in sedated group. Severe discomfort by 96.4% in non sedated group and 3.6% in sedated group .Conclusions:There is slight more incidence of mild hypoxia in sedated group than in non sedated group but no change in pulse and blood pressure. However, sedated patient have significant less level of discomfort than in non sedated group. Though routine use of pulse oxymeter is not necessary, routine use of sedation during endoscopy is recommended. Key Words: discomfort, gastroscopy, oxygen saturation, pulse oximeter

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Effects of Sedation and Supplemental Oxygen During Upper Alimentary Tract Endoscopy

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Sedation during endoscopy for patients at risk of obstructive sleep apnea

Sedation during endoscopy for patients at risk of obstructive sleep apnea

Hypoxia during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with and without sedation and the effect of pre‐oxygenation on oxygen saturation

The Role of Sedation and Pulse Oximetry During Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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