Effects of Secondary Carbide Precipitation and Transformation on Abrasion Resistance of the 16Cr-1Mo-1Cu White Iron

Wang, Jun; Sun, Zhiping; Bao-luo, Shen; Gao, Shangfeng; Zuo, Rui; Li, Cong; Huang, Sijiu

doi:10.1361/105994906x108602

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This resulted in an increase in its abrasive wear resistance at the surface of the steel but impeded it at softer matrix 36 . The carbide precipitates have been found to play important roles in the hardness and abrasion resistance, and they also affect microstructure of austenitic manganese steel 37,38 . The presence, amount and dispersion of carbides have been found to significantly influence the wear resistance of austenitic manganese steel and impair its impact strength 8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workhardening behaviour and microstructural analysis of failed austenitic manganese steel crusher jaws

2013

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This study focussed on the work hardening behaviour and microstructure of austenitic manganese steel relative to premature failure of crusher jaws. Samples of sound and failed crusher jaws were taken, the change with depth from the working surface to the sample core was measured and their microstructures observed. The study revealed a sharp hardness gradient in the failed crusher jaws, and presence of large carbides at both the austenite grain boundaries and in the austenite matrix. The failure of crusher jaws was attributed to brittle fracture as a result of precipitates of carbides from the inability of precipitated carbides to absorb shock during impact working. Finally, we conclude that the failure occurred as a result of inadequate quenching operations during the manufacturing process that resulted in the formation of carbide precipitates which embrittle the austenitic manganese steel, reduce its ability to withstand shock and create a non uniform plastic flow as it is work hardening.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workhardening behaviour and microstructural analysis of failed austenitic manganese steel crusher jaws

2013

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“…Éste se encontraba comprendido entre 12º y 56º, con paso de 0,025º y tiempo de contaje por paso de 30 s. La determinación del porcentaje de fases cristalinas se ha establecido mediante el ajuste de dichos difractogramas utilizando el método de afinamiento estructural de Rietveld. Para ello, a partir del registro de las figuras de difracción obtenidas en ambas calidades, se realizó un afinamiento estructural empleando los ficheros de información cristalográfica presentes en la base de datos de estructuras inorgánicas ICSD (versión 2016) pertenecientes a las fases que, según la literatura técnica, podrían encontrarse precipitadas tras los diversos tratamientos térmicos realizados en ambas calidades (Fairhust y Rohrig, 1974;Pero-Sanz, 1994;Wang et al, 2006). Entre ellas, principalmente: Martensita (α'), Austenita (g), carburos mixtos Cr/Fe (en particular con estequimetrías 3:2; 7:3; y 23:6), y carburos mixtos Mo 2 C y Fe 3 C. Como consecuencia, por aplicación del método de afinamiento estructural de Rietveld, se produce un ajuste de las figuras experimentales de difracción en base a las figuras de difracción de estas fases.…”

Section: Materiales Y Métodosunclassified

“…La mayor dureza se alcanzaría con dobles revenidos en el entorno de los 500 ºC (Fernández y Belzunce, 2006). Tiempos de permanencia elevados a estas temperaturas pueden originar la formación de carburos cementíticos, K c , por transformación de estos carburos secundarios, disminuyendo de esta forma la resistencia al desgaste de la fundición (Wang et al, 2006), y su dureza (Wang et al, 2005). El Molibdeno en solución sólida, cuando su concentración supera el 3%, tiende a favorecer la precipitación de carburos del tipo M 2 C y M 6 C durante revenidos a temperaturas cercanas a la crítica (Wiengmoon et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Aplicación del ajuste de Rietveld para correlacionar la evolución microestructural de fundiciones blancas con 18 y 25% en Cromo, templadas en aceite y sucesivos revenidos, con el comportamiento frente al desgaste abrasivo y esfuerzos de flexión

2018

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Mediante la aplicación del método de afinamiento estructural de Rietveld se identificaron y cuantificaron las fases presentes en fundiciones blancas hipoeutécticas con 18 y 25% en Cromo, templadas en aceite y tras sucesivos revenidos a 500 ºC. Se correlacionaron los resultados con su comportamiento frente al desgaste abrasivo y bajo esfuerzos de flexión. En ambos casos el porcentaje de austenita retenida tras el temple resultó mínima. Durante los sucesivos revenidos, se constató en la calidad con 18% en Cromo una redisolución parcial de los carburos M7C3 junto a una transformación entre carburos mixtos secundarios M7C3 y M2C. La Martensita tras temple resultó un factor clave frente a la resistencia al desgaste abrasivo, resultando los revenidos tras el temple en aceite desfavorables para esta propiedad. La calidad con 25% en Cromo fue la que presentó un mayor contenido en martensita tras el temple, y por tanto la que mejor comportamiento presentó frente a este tipo de desgaste. Esta misma calidad, tras el doble revenido, fue la que mayor resistencia y capacidad de deformación alcanzó bajo esfuerzos a flexión. La fractura resultó frágil y mayoritariamente transgranular. Sin embargo, pudo observarse la presencia de zonas con fractura dúctil asociadas a martensita doblemente revenida.

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“…Eutectic carbides are always of the M 7 C 3 type, also called K 2 carbides. However, depending on the chromium content, the secondary carbides can be of the M 7 C 3 type and the M 23 C 6 type also called K 1 carbides [1,[7][8][9][10]. Besides precipitating during the austenite destabilization treatment, secondary carbides can precipitate during tempering [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Thermal Processes Applied to Hypoeutectic White Cast Iron containing 25% Cr Aimed at Increasing Erosive Wear Resistance

González-Pociño

Álvarez-Antolín

Lozano

2020

Metals

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Hypoeutectic white cast irons containing 25% Cr are used in very demanding environments that require high resistance to erosive wear, for instance, the crushing and processing of minerals or the manufacture of cement. This high percentage in Cr, in turn, favors corrosion resistance. The application of a Design of Experiments (DoE) allows the analysis of the effects of modifying certain factors related to the heat treatments applied to these alloys. Among these factors, the influence of prior softening treatment to facilitate the machining of these cast irons and the influence of the factors related to the destabilization of austenite, during both quenching and tempering, were analyzed. The precipitated phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the Rietveld structural refinement method was used to determine their percentages by weight. Erosive wear resistance was calculated using the ASTM G76 standard test method. It is concluded that the thermal softening treatment, consisting of 2 h at 1000 °C and 24 h at 700 °C, does not result in additional softening of the material compared to its as-cast state. Furthermore, it is observed that not only eutectic carbides influence wear resistance, but that the influence of the matrix constituent is also significant. It is also verified that the tempering treatment plays a decisive role in wear resistance. Temperatures of 500 °C and tempering times of 6 h increase the wear resistance and hardness of the aforementioned matrix constituent. Tempering temperatures of 200 °C lead to an increase in retained austenite content and the presence of M3C carbides versus mixed M7C3 and M23C6 carbides. The quench cooling medium is not found to have a significant influence on the hardness or wear resistance.

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Effects of Secondary Carbide Precipitation and Transformation on Abrasion Resistance of the 16Cr-1Mo-1Cu White Iron

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Workhardening behaviour and microstructural analysis of failed austenitic manganese steel crusher jaws

Workhardening behaviour and microstructural analysis of failed austenitic manganese steel crusher jaws

Aplicación del ajuste de Rietveld para correlacionar la evolución microestructural de fundiciones blancas con 18 y 25% en Cromo, templadas en aceite y sucesivos revenidos, con el comportamiento frente al desgaste abrasivo y esfuerzos de flexión

Optimization of Thermal Processes Applied to Hypoeutectic White Cast Iron containing 25% Cr Aimed at Increasing Erosive Wear Resistance

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