Effects of seawater absorption and desorption on the long‐term creep performance of graphene oxide embedded glass fiber/epoxy composites

Anand, A. Vivek; Ghosh, Sohan Kumar; Prusty, Rajesh Kumar

doi:10.1002/pc.25758

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…The main reason for the increase in mass gain is that the water molecules entered through the polymer matrix composites' micro-voids, cracks, and holes, which leads to mass gain. 39,54,58,71 The highest and lowest mass-gain percentage increments of 2-month conditioned samples are 0.34% for BE composites and 0.012% for BGE composite samples.…”

Section: Mass Gain Of the Samples After Saltwater Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of saltwater on the mechanical properties of basalt/carbon/glass-epoxy hybrid composites

Esleman

Önal

2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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The impact of environmental conditions on the mechanical properties of composites is critical for various industries, particularly marine. The paper examines the effect of saltwater conditions on the mechanical properties of basalt, carbon, and glass fibers/epoxy hybrid composites. The composite samples were manufactured using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) and then immersed in saltwater solution before tests. The tests were performed using Instron 8801 with 100 kilonewtons (kN) capacity. The environmental effects on the mechanical properties were supported by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis of the water. The ICP-OES analysis result shows a transfer of ions from the fiber to the saltwater solution. As a result, the mass gain of all the samples increases with the conditioning period, while the tensile and flexural properties show degradation. Moreover, the hybrid composites show a gradual failure mode compared with non-hybrid composites. In addition, the failure modes and morphological analysis of the failed test samples were presented. Delamination, explosive failure, and fiber breakage characterize the tensile failure mode of basalt/epoxy (BE) and its hybrids. However, the glass/epoxy (GE) and carbon/epoxy (CE) show fractures in two or three sections. In addition, compressive failure, tensile failure, shear failures, delamination, and fiber breakage were detected in the flexural samples.

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Section: Mass Gain Of the Samples After Saltwater Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of saltwater on the mechanical properties of basalt/carbon/glass-epoxy hybrid composites

Esleman

Önal

2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…Incorporation of ZnO NW could have increased the path lengths for moisture diffusion, reduced the relaxation of polymer around the nanowires, and reduced the free volume in the composites. [16][17][18] All these together could have acted as the barrier for moisture absorption in ZnO NW incorporated composite.…”

Section: Moisture Absorption Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15] Addition of nanofillers in the matrix was found to reduce the moisture absorption through different mechanisms like increasing the mean path length for moisture diffusion, reducing the free volume in the matrix, and reducing the relaxation and plasticization of polymers around the nanofillers. [16][17][18] The fiber functionalization strategy involved sizing/polymer coating of fibers to modify the surface and enhance the chemical bonding with the matrix. [19][20][21][22] Fiber modification strategy involved coating of fibers with nanotubes, nanofibers or nanowires to improve the interface bonding through mechanical interlocking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of incorporating ZnO nanowires on the moisture absorption and mechanical properties of composites

2022

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For the first time, this study explores how the incorporation of ZnO nanowires (ZnO NW) in the interface affects moisture absorption and resultant mechanical properties of glass and carbon composites. ZnO NW were coated onto glass and carbon fabrics to modify the fiber/matrix interface in the composites. Moisture absorption, longitudinal tension, short beam shear, and mode‐I fracture tests were conducted. While the moisture absorption was found to decrease the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of glass composite, it was found to decrease the ILSS, tensile properties, and fracture toughness of carbon composites. The incorporation of ZnO NW was found to decrease the moisture absorption in both glass and carbon composites, increase the tensile modulus of dry and wet glass composites by ~17%, and prevent the delamination failure of wet carbon composites in tensile tests. Also, ZnO NW incorporation was found to increase the fracture toughness of all composites with a maximum of 141% improvement for dry carbon composite. Importantly, ZnO NW incorporation was believed to increase the stiffness and prevent bending failure of DCB arm in wet carbon composites. The uniqueness of this article includes demonstrating the benefits of ZnO NW to reduce the moisture absorption in composites and to reduce the extent of fiber/matrix interface degradation in wet carbon composites.

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“…33 The graphene oxide mixed GFRP epoxy composites showed less water absorption, because graphene resisted water uptake. 34 By comparing CFRP and GFRP composites under low velocity impact test, the impact load absorption against time and deflection was obtained to be higher for CFRP composites. Also, the similar trend was recorded in their tensile strengths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evaluation of tensile strength retention and service life prediction of hydrothermal aged balanced orthotropic carbon/glass and Kevlar/glass fabric reinforced polymer hybrid composites

Muralidharan¹,

Sathishkumar²,

Rajini

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Quest to reduce challenges of high structural weight and cost of metallic components is increasing. It has led to their replacement with carbon and Kevlar fibers reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. These aforementioned problems can be further solved through hybridization of carbon/glass (CG) and Kevlar/glass (KG) fibers to reduce the manufacturing cost and materials usage, not at detriment of their properties. Also, investigation into their tensile properties, diffusivity, and service life is germane. Therefore, the present study focuses on influence of hybridization of CG and KG fibers on seawater diffusivity, service life, and tensile strengths of their composite systems, through hydrothermal aging. The hybrid composites were aged in seawater for 50, 150, and 300 days at temperatures of 20, 40, and 60 C. From the results obtained, it was evident that the maximum moisture absorption of both FRP hybrid composites occurred at 60 C in 300 days of hydrothermal aging. The maximum tensile strengths were obtained in unaged composite counterparts. Also, the aged FRP hybrid composites exhibited the lowest tensile strengths at 150 days. The retention of maximum tensile strengths of CG and KG FRP

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Effects of seawater absorption and desorption on the long‐term creep performance of graphene oxide embedded glass fiber/epoxy composites

Cited by 17 publications

References 54 publications

Effect of saltwater on the mechanical properties of basalt/carbon/glass-epoxy hybrid composites

Effect of saltwater on the mechanical properties of basalt/carbon/glass-epoxy hybrid composites

Effects of incorporating ZnO nanowires on the moisture absorption and mechanical properties of composites

Evaluation of tensile strength retention and service life prediction of hydrothermal aged balanced orthotropic carbon/glass and Kevlar/glass fabric reinforced polymer hybrid composites

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