Effects of season, age, sex, and housing on salivary cortisol concentrations in horses

Aurich, Jörg; Wulf, Manuela; Ille, Natascha; Erber, R.; Lewinski, Mareike von; Palme, Rupert; Aurich, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.01.003

Cited by 69 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Tukey's post hoc comparisons showed that fGC varied between elderly wolves and adults. This finding contrasts those of Nogueira et al (2002), who observed that cortisol decreased during horse (Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758) aging and physical conditioning, and those of Aurich et al (2015) who failed to find age differences in cortisol levels.…”

Section: Gender and Agecontrasting

confidence: 84%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Long-term quantification of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations reveals that Mexican grey wolves may habituate to captivity

Mayagoitia-Novales

Alcántara-Barrera

et al. 2017

The European Zoological Journal

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Section: Gender and Agecontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…A similar result was found in another study in captive wolves (Post 2007). Similarly, Aurich et al (2015) observed that individual stabling in horses did not affect salivary cortisol.…”

Section: Pack Sizementioning

confidence: 90%

Long-term quantification of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations reveals that Mexican grey wolves may habituate to captivity

Mayagoitia-Novales

Alcántara-Barrera

et al. 2017

The European Zoological Journal

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“…Blood collections apparently did not promote any stress condition, according to cortisol levels observed in this study (Thrall, Weiser, Allison, & Campbell, ). This observation becomes relevant since the interaction between cortisol and testosterone was previously confirmed in some species like swine (Liptrap & Raeside, ) and ovine (Mohamed, Cox, & Moonan, ); however, in stallions, the relation between cortisol and testosterone is still a matter of discussion, with inconsistent results (Aurich et al., ; Cox & Jawad, ; Deichsel et al., ; Liptrap & Raeside, ; Rabb et al., ; Seale, ; Villani et al., ; Wiest, Thompson, McNeill‐Wiest, Garza, & Mitchell, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Testosterone serum profile, semen characteristics and testicular biometry of Mangalarga Marchador stallions in a tropical environment

Waddington

Penitente-Filho

Neves

et al. 2017

Reprod Domestic Animals

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This study was conducted to characterize the daily profile of testosterone secretion and its mean concentrations in the four seasons as well as to evaluate the semen characteristics and testicular biometry of Mangalarga Marchador stallions throughout the year in a tropical region. Three stallions were submitted to semen collections and evaluation of testicular biometry every 14 days along a year. Blood samples were collected once at the middle of each season, in a 20-min interval during 24 hr in order to evaluate the testosterone secretion profiles among seasons. Testosterone concentrations along the day were higher at the beginning of the afternoon (from 12:00 to 15:00 hr), but a circadian secretion was not clearly observed. Mean testosterone concentrations did not differ among seasons (p > .05), but a pattern of secretion along the day showed variations with higher concentrations in the afternoon during the winter. Ejaculate volume was higher during summer; however, sperm motility decreased in summer and spring. Total sperm in ejaculate, sperm morphology and testicular biometry kept constant along the year showing no differences among the seasons. The results demonstrated that in a tropical region, reproductive aspects of stallions did not show a clearly defined seasonal variation, and months of autumn and winter were not unsuitable for reproduction of the males.

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“…The authors concluded that integrating social contact into the housing of the horse improves equine welfare [22]. Other studies found no effect of the type of housing, neither in baseline salivary cortisol concentrations in adult horses [49] nor in fecal glucocorticoid metabolites and baseline salivary cortisol in young horses stabled for the first time [50, 51]. Similar to the results of the present study, Visser et al [23] found lower cortisol concentrations in response to a CRH stimulation test in individually housed horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, only stimulated cortisol concentrations were considered for the analysis of the present study. Previous studies described seasonal variability and a diurnal rhythm within cortisol concentrations [49, 66, 67]. Due to the need to adjust to horse owners’ and riders’ schedules, it was not possible to collect samples at the same time of the day or within only one season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of breed, management and personality on cortisol reactivity in sport horses

Sauer

Hermann²,

Ramseyer

et al. 2019

Preprint

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18Sport horses need to fulfill high physical and psychological requirements during training 19 and competition. These as well as certain conditions of modern husbandry may affect their 20 wellbeing. Here we aimed to (1) evaluate effects of demographic and management factors 21 as well as personality traits on stress reactivity of sport horses, (2) investigate if elite sport 22 horses have elevated stress levels compared to amateur sport horses, and (3) assess whether 23 different equestrian disciplines differentially influence horses' adrenal cortex 24 responsiveness. For this purpose, we visited 149 healthy elite (n=94) and amateur (n=54) 42 their use. 43 44 50 competition purposes and training [4, 5]. However, modern keeping conditions often bear 51 little resemblance to the horse's natural habitat and social structure and in many cases 52 allow only limited natural foraging behavior [1]. Sport horses, especially, are now mostly 53 housed in single stalls [6] and their time on pasture and the amount of roughage fed is 54 often restricted [7]. In equestrian sports, horses often complete high intensity trainings with 55 different trainers and riders, go to national and international horse shows, and are thus 56 often required to live in different stables and to travel long distances in trailers and 57 airplanes. As a consequence, modern sport horses are significantly challenged [8]. The 58 high requirements that they are expected to fulfill, as well as the conditions of modern 59 husbandry, may lead to significant stress, both acute and chronic. 60Stress is the response of the body to a demand (stressor) placed upon it [9]. Whenever a 61 stimulus is perceived as a stressor, it results in a biological response in an attempt to cope 62 with the situation [10]. This biological reaction consists of the behavioral response, the 63 sympathetic-adrenal medulla (SAM) axis response and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal 64 cortex (HPA) axis response, which are often activated concurrently and interact during 65 stressful situations [11]. Studies investigating acute or chronic stress in horses have 66 assessed either one or several of these pathways [12-14]. SAM axis parameters, such as 67 evaluation of heart rate or heart rate variability and endocrinological parameters such as 68 cortisol levels are typically used as measures of acute stress [10]. HPA axis stimulation 69 tests such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) 70 challenge tests are described as potential tools for the assessment of long-lasting effects of 71 stress in horses [10]. Stimulated cortisol may give an impression of an animal's overall 72 adrenal capacity, with both a depression [15-17] or an exaggerated response to stimulation 73 [18-21] reflecting a long-term stress-related alteration of the HPA axis.74Several management factors as well as personality traits have been investigated in relation 75 to stress responsivity in horses. For instance, a lack of social contact was linked to changes 4 76 in stress...

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Effects of season, age, sex, and housing on salivary cortisol concentrations in horses

Cited by 69 publications

References 36 publications

Long-term quantification of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations reveals that Mexican grey wolves may habituate to captivity

Long-term quantification of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations reveals that Mexican grey wolves may habituate to captivity

Testosterone serum profile, semen characteristics and testicular biometry of Mangalarga Marchador stallions in a tropical environment

Effects of breed, management and personality on cortisol reactivity in sport horses

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