Effects of sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) lipids on white adipose tissue weight and blood glucose in diabetic/obese KK-Ay mice

Mikami, Nana; Hosokawa, Masashi; Miyashita, Kazuo

doi:10.3892/mmr_00000278

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Various sea squirts are known to be valuable organisms of the benthic marine population which contains many functional components, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), carotenoids, taurine, and plasmalogen [ 13 ]. This current study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of fatty acids extracted from one of edible sea squirt, H. aurantium , on a type of murine macrophage, RAW264.7 cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tunicates and ascidians are well-known to contain several unique and biologically active materials, including lipids and lipophilic compounds [ 12 ]. One of the sea squirts, Halocynthia roretzi , is known to hold various functional components, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), carotenoids, taurine, and plasmalogen [ 13 ]. The H. roretzi tunics have also been reported to contain high amounts of carotenoid and other nutritious substances [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune-Enhancement and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fatty Acids Extracted from Halocynthia aurantium Tunic in RAW264.7 Cells

Monmai

Shin

et al. 2018

Marine Drugs

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Halocynthia aurantium, an edible ascidian species, has not been studied scientifically, even though tunicates and ascidians are well-known to contain several unique and biologically active materials. The current study investigated the fatty acid profiles of the H. aurantium tunic and its immune-regulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Results of the fatty acid profile analysis showed a difference in ratios, depending on the fatty acids being analysed, including those of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In particular, omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosatrienoic acid n-3 (ETA n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were much higher than omega-6 fatty acids. Moreover, the H. aurantium tunic fatty acids, significantly and dose-dependently, increased the NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW264.7 cells, for immune-enhancement without cytotoxicity. In addition, these fatty acids regulated the transcription of immune-associated genes, including iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and TNF-α. These actions were activated and deactivated via Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)and NF-κB signaling, to regulate the immune responses. Conversely, the H. aurantium tunic fatty acids effectively suppressed the inflammatory cytokine expressions, including iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and TNF-α, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Productions of COX-2 and PGE2, which are key biomarkers for inflammation, were also significantly reduced. These results elucidated the immune-enhancement and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the H. aurantium tunic fatty acids in macrophage cells. Moreover, the H. aurantium tunic might be a potential fatty acid source for immune-modulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Enhancement and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fatty Acids Extracted from Halocynthia aurantium Tunic in RAW264.7 Cells

Monmai

Shin

et al. 2018

Marine Drugs

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“…Halocynthia roretzi contains unsaturated fatty acids such as DHA and EPA [112]. The addition of Halocynthia roretzi lipid extracts also exerted hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects in diabetic mice [113]. Herdmanines E-L and (-)-(R)-leptoclinidamine B are two novel congeners of antidiabetic amino acid derivatives that have been identified.…”

Section: Antidiabetic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunicates as Sources of High-Quality Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds for Food/Feed and Pharmaceutical Applications: A Review

Gao,

Khong,

Mao

et al. 2023

Foods

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Tunicates are widely distributed worldwide and are recognized as abundant marine bioresources with many potential applications. In this review, state-of-the-art studies on chemical composition analyses of various tunicate species were summarized; these studies confirmed that tunicates contain nutrients similar to fish (such as abundant cellulose, protein, and ω-3 fatty acid (FA)-rich lipids), indicating their practical and feasible uses for food or animal feed exploration. However, the presence of certain toxic elements should be evaluated in terms of safety. Moreover, recent studies on bioactive substances extracted from tunicates (such as toxins, sphingomyelins, and tunichromes) were analyzed, and their biological properties were comprehensively reviewed, including antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, some insights and prospects for the future exploration of tunicates are provided which are expected to guide their further application in the food, animal feed, and pharmaceutical industries. This review is critical to providing a new pathway for converting the common pollution issues of hydroponic nutrients into valuable marine bioresources.

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“…Inside the tunic is body tissue, which is edible. The body tissues of H. roretzi are rich in nutrients, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids [ 16 ], carotenoids, and other micronutrients [ 17 ]. Many bioactive natural products produced by ascidians are derived from their symbionts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halorotetin A: A Novel Terpenoid Compound Isolated from Ascidian Halocynthia rotetzi Exhibits the Inhibition Activity on Tumor Cell Proliferation

Han

Zhu

et al. 2023

Marine Drugs

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Halocynthia roretzi, the edible ascidian, has been demonstrated to be an important source of bioactive natural metabolites. Here, we reported a novel terpenoid compound named Halorotetin A that was isolated from tunic ethanol extract of H. roretzi by silica gel column chromatography, preparative layer chromatography (PLC), and semipreparative-HPLC. 1H and 13C NMRs, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY, and HRESIMS profiles revealed that Halorotetin A was a novel terpenoid compound with antitumor potentials. We therefore treated the culture cells with Halorotetin A and found that it significantly inhibited the proliferation of a series of tumor cells by exerting cytotoxicity, especially for the liver carcinoma cell line (HepG-2 cells). Further studies revealed that Halorotetin A affected the expression of several genes associated with the development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), including oncogenes (c-Myc and c-Met) and HCC suppressor genes (TP53 and KEAP1). In addition, we compared the cytotoxicities of Halorotetin A and doxorubicin on HepG-2 cells. To our surprise, the cytotoxicities of Halorotetin A and doxorubicin on HepG-2 cells were similar at the same concentration and Halorotetin A did not significantly reduce the viability of the normal cells. Thus, our study identified a novel compound that significantly inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells, which provided the basis for the discovery of leading compounds for antitumor drugs.

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Effects of sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) lipids on white adipose tissue weight and blood glucose in diabetic/obese KK-Ay mice

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Immune-Enhancement and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fatty Acids Extracted from Halocynthia aurantium Tunic in RAW264.7 Cells

Immune-Enhancement and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fatty Acids Extracted from Halocynthia aurantium Tunic in RAW264.7 Cells

Tunicates as Sources of High-Quality Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds for Food/Feed and Pharmaceutical Applications: A Review

Halorotetin A: A Novel Terpenoid Compound Isolated from Ascidian Halocynthia rotetzi Exhibits the Inhibition Activity on Tumor Cell Proliferation

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