Effects of sea salt aerosols on precipitation and upper troposphere/lower stratosphere water vapour in tropical cyclone systems

Jiang, Baolin; Wang, Dongdong; Shen, Xiaodian; Chen, Junwen; Lin, Wenshi

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51757-x

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The longer the sun is exposed, the evaporation process is faster, and the more crystallization of salt settles. Salt production is heavily influenced by the weather (Jiang et al, 2019). The degree of baume (Be) at the reservoir location is the starting point for the Be content at the seeding site and the crystallization table.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher the Be content entered at the reservoir location results in the greater percentage of salt (NaCl) content on the crystallization table (Nariyoshi et al, 2016;Misyura, 2020). The NaCl content in the salt depends on the location where the sea water was taken (Geng et al, 2016;Jiang et al, 2019). The increase in temperature can affect the phenomenon of salt farmers, so farmers must have adaptation strategies (Kurniawan and Zulham, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sustainability of Saltworks Integration in Pati Regency, Central Java

Sriwati

Bambang

Hutabarat

et al. 2022

JIPK

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Highlight ResearchThe rainfall intensity can affect the phenomenon of salt farmers, so farmers must have adaptation strategiesSalt Business Group (SBG) is a group of people who have saltworks activities with a minimum number of administratorsThe profit sharing system between the owners and the farmers (called pemadak) is an important factor affecting the income of salt farmersThe function of the kite diagram is to position the value of the sustainability status from the ecological, technological, economic, social and institutional (etesi) aspectsAbstractSaltworks integration is one of the government's efforts as a breakthrough in saltworks technology innovation. Saltworks integration in Pati Regency has been conducted for 4 (four) years starting from 2017 to 2020. The aim of this research was to analyze the sustainability of saltworks integration in terms of ecological, technological, economic, social, and institutional (ETESI) aspects. The research was conducted for 9 (nine) months from March to November 2020. The research locations for saltworks integration were in Raci Village - Batangan Subdistrict, Genengmulyo Village - Juwana Subdistrict, Tluwuk Village - Wedarijaksa Subdistrict, and Kertomulyo Village - Trangkil Subdistrict. Sustainability analysis was performed using Rapfish method. Through the R software, the anchor was created automatically so that users only need to input data through Microsoft Excel, then the Rapfish analysis was carried out automatically by the R software. The results of the sustainability index analysis of saltworks integration in the ecological aspects of Raci Village, Batangan Subdistrict showed a sustainable index value. Genengmulyo Village - Juwana Subdistrict, Tluwuk Village - Wedarijaksa Subdistrict, and Kertomulyo Village - Trangkil Subdistrict had an opportunity of attaining sufficiently sustainable status by considering indicators that affect its sustainability. Technological, economic, social and institutional aspects in all villages, where saltworks integration was located, showed a sufficiently sustainable status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sustainability of Saltworks Integration in Pati Regency, Central Java

Sriwati

Bambang

Hutabarat

et al. 2022

JIPK

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“…More specifically, SSAs have a significant impact on the radiation transfer processes mainly through scattering [10][11][12][13]. SSAs also act as efficient cloud condensation nuclei [2,14] and even as ice nuclei [15], altering the formation and the albedo of clouds [16,17] and, thus, determining the intensity and the pattern of precipitation [16,[18][19][20]. SSAs play a key role on the electrification of the atmosphere as they transfer electric charges obtained during whitecap bubble bursting [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the last decades, the modeling of SSAs has attracted the interest of the scientific community. Recently, integrated atmospheric and chemical models were applied in several studies to holistically simulate the processes related to the SSA emission, circulation, deposition and interaction with radiation and clouds [2,16,20]. One of the major SSA modeling limitations is the estimation of the whitecap fraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Sea-State Effects on Sea-Salt Aerosol Modeling in the Lower Atmosphere Using Lidar and In-Situ Measurements

et al. 2021

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Atmospheric-chemical coupled models usually parameterize sea-salt aerosol (SSA) emissions using whitecap fraction estimated considering only wind speed and ignoring sea state. This approach may introduce inaccuracies in SSA simulation. This study aims to assess the impact of sea state on SSA modeling, applying a new parameterization for whitecap fraction estimation based on wave age, calculated by the ratio between wave phase velocity and wind speed. To this end, the new parameterization was incorporated in the coupled Chemical Hydrological Atmospheric Ocean wave modeling System (CHAOS). CHAOS encompasses the wave model (WAM) two-way coupled through the OASIS3-MCT coupler with the Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-ARW-Chem) and, thus, enabling the concurrent simulation of SSAs, wind speed and wave phase velocity. The simulation results were evaluated against in-situ and lidar measurements at 2 stations in Greece (Finokalia on 4 and 15 July 2014 and Antikythera-PANGEA on 15 September 2018). The results reveal significant differences between the parameterizations with the new one offering a more realistic representation of SSA levels in some layers of the lower atmosphere. This is attributed to the enhancement of the bubble-bursting mechanism representation with air-sea processes controlling whitecap fraction. Our findings also highlight the contribution of fresh wind-generated waves to SSA modeling.

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“…assess the impact on the model's representation of TTL ice and water vapor transport to the UTLS, however the computation time is expected to increase by a factor 3. In addition, Jiang et al (2019) investigated the effects of 540 sea salt aerosols on precipitation and UTLS water vapor in TCs with the WRF model. They simulated typhoon…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoscale simulations of tropical cyclone Enawo (March 2017) and its impact on TTL water vapor

Héron

Evan

Pianezze

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. In early March 2017, tropical cyclone (TC) Enawo formed north of Réunion Island and moved westward toward Madagascar. Enawo evolved from a tropical depression on 2 March to an intense TC on 6 March. This study explores the water vapor transport into the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) throughout TC Enawo's development. High-resolution (2 km) mesoscale simulations using the Meso-NH model were performed to cover TC Enawo's lifecycle over the ocean for the period 2–7 March 2017. The simulated convective cloud field agrees with geostationary satellite infrared observations. Compared to the Global Precipitation Measurements (GPM) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite observations, the simulation seems to reproduce well both location and amplitude of the observed precipitation. Simulated and observed ice water content have similar ranges in the upper troposphere but simulated ice above the tropopause is overestimated by a factor 10. Balloon-borne measurements of water vapor, temperature and horizontal winds are also used to validate the Meso-NH simulations in the upper-troposphere and TTL regions. The simulations reveal that the maximum water vapor transport into the TTL occurred on 4 March, when deep (cold) convective clouds were observed. As a result, the lower stratospheric water vapor is increased by ~50 % when compared to pre-storm conditions. An increase of ~2 ppmv in water vapor mixing ratio was simulated in the lower stratosphere within a 700-km region surrounding Enawo's center. Our simulation of TC Enawo suggests that TCs over the Southwest Indian Ocean (0–30° S, 30–90° E) could produce a moistening of 0.4 ppmv. We extended our results to the global tropics (30° S–30° N) using the estimates from published work (Allison et al., 2018; Preston et al., 2019) and by calculating statistics on TC numbers and durations using the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) dataset. We estimated a global impact of TC induced tropical lower stratospheric moistening of 0.3 to 0.5 ppmv. Our results suggest that TCs may play an important role in the moistening of the TTL/lower stratosphere via direct injection of ice particles and subsequent sublimation.

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Effects of sea salt aerosols on precipitation and upper troposphere/lower stratosphere water vapour in tropical cyclone systems

Cited by 8 publications

References 60 publications

The Sustainability of Saltworks Integration in Pati Regency, Central Java

The Sustainability of Saltworks Integration in Pati Regency, Central Java

Assessing Sea-State Effects on Sea-Salt Aerosol Modeling in the Lower Atmosphere Using Lidar and In-Situ Measurements

Mesoscale simulations of tropical cyclone Enawo (March 2017) and its impact on TTL water vapor

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