Effects of Scrotal Insulation on Viability Characteristics of Cryopreserved Bovine Semen

Vogler, C.J.; Saacke, R. G.; Bame, J.H.; DeJarnette, J.M.; McGilliard, M.L.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78575-5

Cited by 77 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although the epididymis has previously been reported to be resistant to heat [43], heat stress could disturb epididymal maturation of the spermatozoa because heat stress has been shown to damage the chromatin structure of sperm in the epididymis of the mouse [44] and the bull [45]. The results of this study have shown that heat stress significantly reduced sperm concentration, motility, viability, but increased the number of abnormal spermatozoa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Effects of paternal heat stress on the in vivo development of preimplantation embryos in the mouse

Zhu

Setchell

2004

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-The objective of this study was to examine the effect of paternal heat stress on the in vivo development of preimplantation embryos in the mouse. Synchronised B6CBF1 female mice were mated either to a control male mouse or to one that had been exposed at 7, 21 or 35 days previously, for 24 h to an ambient temperature of 36 ± 0.3 °C and 66 ± 5.6% relative humidity. Embryos were collected from the oviducts of mice at 14-16 h, 34-39 h or 61-65 h after mating or from the uterus at 85-90 h after mating and their developmental status was evaluated morphologically. The number of cells within blastocysts was also determined using bisbenzimide-propidium iodide staining. Paternal heat stress 7 days before mating reduced the proportion of embryos developing from 4-cell (4-C) to morulae (M), hatched blastocysts, total blastocysts and the number of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells in the blastocyst. Paternal heat stress 21 days prior to mating reduced the proportion of 2-C and 4-C to M embryos with no embryos developing to blastocysts. There were also increases in the number of 1-C and abnormal embryos recorded at this time. Paternal heat stress 35 days before mating decreased the proportion of 2-C embryos, expanded blastocysts and ICM and TE cells in the blastocyst. These results support previous work demonstrating that both the sperm in the epididymis and germ cells in the testis are susceptible to damage by environmental heat stress, with spermatocytes being the most vulnerable. This study also demonstrates that subtle effects on the male such as a short exposure to elevated environmental temperatures can translate to quite profound paternal impacts on early embryo development.paternal heat stress / in vivo development / mouse preimplantation embryos

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Effects of paternal heat stress on the in vivo development of preimplantation embryos in the mouse

Zhu

Setchell

2004

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…Although sperm at various stages of development or in the epididymis may be affected by increased testicular temperature (Lue et al 1999;Perez-Crespo et al 2008;Hamilton et al 2016), in our study, due to the delay from testicular heating to appearance of abnormalities, there was no apparent effect on sperm present in the epididymis. However, in a previous study in bulls with scrotal insulation (Vogler et al 1991), sperm present in the epididymis were apparently unaffected when fresh, unfrozen sperm were evaluated, although changes were evident after sperm cryopreservation, thawing, and incubation for 3 h at 37 °C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperthermia and not hypoxia may reduce sperm motility and morphology following testicular hyperthermia

Kastelic¹,

Wilde²,

Rizzoto³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:The mammalian testis typically operates on the brink of hypoxia; the long-standing dogma is that increased testicular temperature increases metabolism, but blood flow is unaffected and the resulting hypoxia reduces sperm motility and morphology. In rats and mice, oxygen (O 2 ) content of inspired air affected O 2 content of testes, enabling the latter to range from approximately 50 to more than 200% of physiologic concentrations. A ram model was used to test the hypotheses that hypoxia would disrupt sperm motility and morphology and that hyperoxia would prevent hyperthermia-induced reductions in sperm motility and morphology. Eighteen Canadian Arcott rams (approximately 10 months old) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial, with factors being scrotal insulation (insulated or not insulated) and O 2 concentrations in inspired air (14, 21 or 85%). Six rams, three with and three without scrotal insulation, were placed in each of three enclosed areas for 30 h to expose them to their respective oxygen concentrations, with scrotal insulation removed at the end of the exposure. Semen was collected by electro-ejaculation twice before insulation, bi-weekly for four weeks starting one week after exposures, and then once weekly for two weeks. There were effects of insulation, time and an insulation × time interaction for motile sperm and sperm that had normal morphology or head or midpiece defects (P < 0.01 for each). Sperm motility and morphology exhibited alterations between approximately two and five weeks after insulation, with mean progressively motile and morphologically normal sperm decreasing from approximately 55 to 35% and from 80 to 30%, respectively, and with head and midpiece defects increasing from approximately 3 to 50% and from 10 to 20% (P < 0.05 for each). The hypotheses that hypoxia would disrupt sperm quality and production, whereas hyperoxia would prevent hyperthermia-induced reductions in sperm quality and production, were not supported. This is apparently the first report that heat-stress induced damage to sperm was due to increased temperature per se and not testicular hypoxia, calling into question a long-standing paradigm.

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“…O aumento da temperatura testicular propicia a degeneração seminal (MOORE, 1924;PHILIPS e McKENZIE, 1934;VOGLER et al, 1991), está correlacionada com a redução na fertilidade do macho (GUNN et al, 1942;HULET et al, 1956) e causa alterações na síntese de proteínas e expressão de gens nas células germinativas e células de Sertoli (IKEDA et al, 1999;GUO et al, 1999;KUMAGAI et al, 1999). Variações na temperatura ambiente e umidade relativa do ar também estão associadas a alterações na temperatura corporal de carneiros e, consequentemente, na temperatura testicular (FOOTE et al, 1957;WILDEUS e ENTWISTLE, 1983).…”

Section: Rev Bras Zootec 30(6):1704-1711 2001unclassified

Efeitos da Insulação Escrotal sobre a Biometria Testicular e Parâmetros Seminais em Carneiros da Raça Santa Inês Criados no Estado do Ceará

Moreira¹,

Moura

Araújo

2001

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Um estudo foi conduzido com a finalidade de avaliar o efeito do estresse térmico sobre parâmetros seminais e biometria testicular em carneiros Santa Inês. Oito animais adultos foram submetidos à insulação escrotal por sete dias. Realizaram-se duas avaliações antes da insulação e, após este período, doze coletas durante 118 dias. A insulação escrotal não causou variações no volume dos ejaculados, mas o pH seminal apresentou valores elevados oito dias após a insulação, retornando à normalidade após 15 dias. Ocorreu redução na concentração espermática oito dias após a insulação e os animais apresentaram azoospermia entre 33 e 50 dias. Depois de 79 dias, a concentração espermática retornou aos padrões observados antes da insulação. A circunferência escrotal (26,4 cm) reduziu para 22,4 cm oito dias após o término do tratamento e para 21 cm aos 21 dias, mas retornou a valores próximos à normalidade (24,9 cm) aos 50 dias. Foi observado decréscimo na motilidade e vigor espermático a partir da retirada da bolsa e o retorno destes parâmetros à normalidade ocorreu somente após 90 dias. Antes da insulação, 1,7% dos espermatozóides apresentaram-se com defeitos maiores e 9,9 %, com defeitos menores. Na primeira coleta após a insulação, 3,6% das células apresentaram defeitos maiores e 43,4 %, defeitos menores; aos oito dias, estes valores foram de 8,4 e 60,4%, respectivamente. Entre 15 e 60 dias após a insulação, a percentagem de defeitos maiores variou entre 27,3 e 16,8%, enquanto a de defeitos menores permaneceu em torno de 39%. Aos 118 dias após a insulação, os defeitos maiores representaram somente 0,7%, mas o número de células com defeitos menores continuou elevado (24,4 %). Portanto, o estresse térmico causou interrupção temporária do processo de produção espermática e os parâmetros relativos à motilidade e defeitos menores apresentaram maior susceptibilidade.Palavras-chave: carneiros, estresse térmico, sêmen, testículos Effects of Scrotal Insulation on Testis Size and Semen Criteria in Santa Inês Hairy SheepRaised in the State of Ceará, Northeast of Brazil ABSTRACT -A study was conducted to determine the effect of heat stress on semen criteria and testis size in Santa Inês hairy rams, in the State of Ceará, Northeast of Brazil. The scrotum of eight adult rams was insulated for seven days. Animals were evaluated twice before insulation and, after insulation, at 12 different periods until 118 days. Scrotal insulation did not affect semen volume, but pH was increased after eight days, returning to normal values after 15 days. Sperm concentration was reduced eight days after insulation was removed and animals became azzospermic between 33 and 50 days. After 79 days, sperm concentration returned to values similar to those observed before treatment. Scrotal circumference (26.4 cm) decreased to 22.4 cm eight days after insulation and to 21 cm at 21 days, but returned to 24.9 cm after 50 days. Moreover, sperm motility and vigor were reduced right after insulation was removed and returned to normal profiles only after 90...

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Effects of Scrotal Insulation on Viability Characteristics of Cryopreserved Bovine Semen

Cited by 77 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of paternal heat stress on the in vivo development of preimplantation embryos in the mouse

Effects of paternal heat stress on the in vivo development of preimplantation embryos in the mouse

Hyperthermia and not hypoxia may reduce sperm motility and morphology following testicular hyperthermia

Efeitos da Insulação Escrotal sobre a Biometria Testicular e Parâmetros Seminais em Carneiros da Raça Santa Inês Criados no Estado do Ceará

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