Effects of Scrambler Therapy in Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndromes and Factors Associated with Depression Affecting Pain before and after the Therapy

Abstract

<jats:p><jats:italic>Objectives</jats:italic>. To report the effects of scrambler therapy in patients diagnosed with failed back surgery syndromes and to analyze the factors affecting pain before and after the therapy. <jats:italic>Methods</jats:italic>. This study included 26 patients (12 males and 14 females). The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) before and after scrambler therapy, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score before therapy, and residual pain after therapy were assessed. The changes in the ODI, BPI, and residual pain before and after the therapy were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Spearman correlation analysis and Fisher’s exact test were used to confirm the correlation between BDI and other factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify independent factors predicting residual pain, posttherapy ODI, and posttherapy BPI. <jats:italic>Results</jats:italic>. The ODI changed from 25.69 ± 7.98 to 21.80 ± 9.41 (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>), and the BPI changed from 68.96 ± 18.00 to 61.62 ± 20.27 after scrambler therapy (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>). In addition, residual pain changed from 100 to 76.15 (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>). The BDI was negatively correlated with the duration of scrambler therapy and positively correlated with the initial OPD and BPI. In multiple regression analysis, residual pain was significantly correlated with the BDI (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>). <jats:italic>Conclusion</jats:italic>. Scrambler therapy can be used to change the total scores of the ODI and BPI after 5 sessions of treatment. Also, residual pain was significantly related to the BDI. Clinical significance of depression severity on pain should be further investigated via prospective studies.</jats:p>

Efficacy of scrambler therapy in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A single-arm, prospective, pilot study

“…[ 30 ] Stimulation was delivered via skin electrodes around the painful area, and proper electrode placement reduced pain. [ 27 , 31 , 32 ] However, since a “glove and stocking” distribution of sensory loss is almost universal in DPN, [ 33 ] it is difficult to determine the appropriate electrode attachment site, which may differ among physicians. Likewise, the pad attachment position also varied in TENS for painful DPN (anatomic distribution of the peroneal nerves, [ 4 , 34 ] 4 points around the patella, [ 35 ] and lumbosacral region [ 36 ] ).…”

Retracted: Effects of Scrambler Therapy in Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndromes and Factors Associated with Depression Affecting Pain before and after the Therapy

“…Pain Research and Management has retracted the article titled “Effects of Scrambler Therapy in Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndromes and Factors Associated with Depression Affecting Pain before and after the Therapy” [ 1 ]. Scrambler Therapy® is a registered trademark held by Prof. Giuseppe Marineo and may only be used to refer to approved medical devices, which does not include the Pain Jammer ENS-1140.…”

The Effect of Scrambler with Stretching on Psychological Change in Breast Cancer Patient

“…6,7,8,9,10) While the traditional treatment is TENS(transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation), Scrambler therapy is a novel approach to controlling pain by providing 'no-pain' information through the cutaneous nerves, thereby blocking pain information that may be affected by depression, anxiety and distress. 2,11,12,13,14) The principle of TENS targets A-beta fibers to inhibit pain transmission, while scrambler therapy produces painless information from surface receptors of C-fibers. 15) http:dx.doi.org/10.17817/2024.02.09.1111859…”