Effects of TiO₂@ZnAlSn/PETMP on the properties of plasticized polyvinyl chloride composites

Abstract

A high content of plasticizers in the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix can affect the mechanical property and flame retardancy of the matrix, and it is challenging to prepare multifunctional additives for plasticized PVC composites. In this study, ternary‐layered double hydroxides loaded with titanium dioxide (TiO2@ZnAlSn) and pentaerythritol tetra‐(mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) were incorporated into plasticized PVC composites and their effects on the mechanical property, thermal stability, flame retardancy and smoke suppression were experimentally and theoretically investigated. The best tensile properties are achieved in the composite with 2 phr TiO2@ZnAlSn and 1.6 phr PETMP. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and molecular dynamics simulation indicate that TiO2@ZnAlSn and PETMP can enhance the interaction of plasticized PVC composite, and cone calorimeter test shows that they can reduce the total heat release (27.5%) and total smoke production (53.0%) of plasticized PVC composite. The flame‐retardant mechanism is deduced according to the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and pyrolysis/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py/GC–MS). This study provides a novel thermal stabilizer that can improve the mechanical property, flame retardancy and smoke suppression of plasticized PVC composites.

A promising modified polyvinyl chloride for adsorption of boron: Preparation, adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies

“…For the unchanged PVC, inflections were experienced from 102 to 265°C (weight loss of 9%), 265–465°C (weight loss of 72.5%), and 465–800°C (weight loss of 13%), which corresponded to three distinct decomposition steps with a final char residue of 2.5%. The great weight loss of 72.5% at 265–465°C may be assigned to the side chain polyene and cyclization reactions due to the dehydrochlorination of PVC and HCl getting out of the PVC polymer chain, while the temperature of 465–800°C (weight loss of 13%) may be related to the breakdown and carbonization development; additionally, the third stage can be coordinated to the thermo‐oxidation development 57 . Like in PVC, inflections were observed for PVC‐MG: 102–210°C (weight loss of 18%), 210–460°C (weight loss of 25%), 460–600°C (weight loss of 45%), and the presence of a final weight remainder stage of 7% weight loss at 600–800°C, which may be due to the increase in the organic components, which represents the methyl glycinate.…”

Synthesis and properties of bio‐based environmental plasticizer derived from oleic acid for poly (vinyl chloride)

“…Model C: contains four amorphous atactic PVC chains and 26 IDEO molecules (PVC/IDEO mass ratio of approximately 100/50). 34 Simulated Annealing method was performed during 500 ps to gently carry the system from 298 to 453 K. After this procedure, one of the frames had the lowest energy, which was the most stable structure. Next, an initial structural adjustment is carried out on the plasticizer-PVC system using optimization algorithms to achieve a more ideal state.…”

“…Model B: contains four amorphous atactic PVC chains and 21 IDEO molecules (PVC/IDEO mass ratio of approximately 100/40). Model C: contains four amorphous atactic PVC chains and 26 IDEO molecules (PVC/IDEO mass ratio of approximately 100/50) 34 . Simulated Annealing method was performed during 500 ps to gently carry the system from 298 to 453 K. After this procedure, one of the frames had the lowest energy, which was the most stable structure.…”

Plasticized polyvinyl chloride/melamine‐cyanurate modified Mg(OH)2@bentonite nanocomposites; mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties

“…7 In other words, the preparation of PVC nanocomposites is an extensively valuable method for improving thermal stability, flame retardancy, and preventing the migration of PVC plasticizers. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Inorganic metal hydroxide fillers like aluminum trihydrate (ATH) and magnesium dihydroxide (MDH) have been known as excellent examples of flame retardant materials. [14][15][16] MDH and ATH have exhibited a high effect in reducing the heat released and cooling the combustion zone, delaying the ignition time, and decreasing the weight loss caused by ignition.…”

“…As a result, by employing the desirable additives and nano‐fillers, the mentioned properties can be improved and the limitations of PVC can be overcome 7 . In other words, the preparation of PVC nanocomposites is an extensively valuable method for improving thermal stability, flame retardancy, and preventing the migration of PVC plasticizers 8–13 …”