Effects of <scp>l</scp>-citrulline supplementation on nitric oxide and antioxidant markers after high-intensity interval exercise in young men: a randomised controlled trial

Valaei, Kosar; Mehrabani, Javad; Wong, Alexei

doi:10.1017/s0007114521002178

Cited by 9 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Oxidative stress arises when excessive ROS generation surpasses the antioxidant defense systems' buffering capability or when antioxidant enzymes are impaired [6,8]. As a result, high amounts of ROS damage lipids, proteins, DNA and lead to cellular and molecular abnormalities that eventually lead to heart failure [1,2,5,9]. There are two systems against ROS scavenging: Glutaredoxins (Grxs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are enzymes, while flavonoids, beta-carotene, vitamins E (Vit E), ascorbic acid (AA), ubiquinone, carotenoids, and lipoic acid are non-enzymatic antioxidants [1,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Oxidative Stress and the Therapeutic Approaches to the Intake of Antioxidant Supplements and Physical Activity

2021

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strongly reactive chemical entities that include oxygen regulated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms. ROS contribute significantly to cell homeostasis in the heart by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and excitation-contraction coupling. When ROS generation surpasses the ability of the antioxidant defense mechanisms to buffer them, oxidative stress develops, resulting in cellular and molecular disorders and eventually in heart failure. Oxidative stress is a critical factor in developing hypoxia- and ischemia-reperfusion-related cardiovascular disorders. This article aimed to discuss the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of cardiac diseases such as hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. This review focuses on the various clinical events and oxidative stress associated with cardiovascular pathophysiology, highlighting the benefits of new experimental treatments such as creatine supplementation, omega-3 fatty acids, microRNAs, and antioxidant supplements in addition to physical exercise

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Oxidative Stress and the Therapeutic Approaches to the Intake of Antioxidant Supplements and Physical Activity

2021

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“…The remaining 55 papers were designated for full-text reading. Lastly, seven studies [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] were included in the qualitative analysis (systematic review). Characteristics of studies included are provided in Table 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of Effects of L-Arginine and L-Citrulline on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Oxidative Stress in Response to Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

et al. 2023

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Background: The repercussions on oxidative and inflammatory stress markers under the effects of arginine and citrulline in response to exercise are not fully reached. We completed a systematic review to investigate the effects of L-Citrulline or L-Arginine on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers following exercise. EMBASE, MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, CINAHL, LILACS, and Web of Science databases were used to record the trials. This study includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs with subjects over 18 years old. Those under the intervention protocol consumed L-Citrulline or L-Arginine, and the controls ingested placebo. We recognized 1080 studies, but only 7 were included (7 studies in meta-analysis). We observed no difference between pre- vs. post-exercise for oxidative stress (subtotal = −0.21 [CI: −0.56, 0.14], p = 0.24, and heterogeneity = 0%. In the sub-group “L-Arginine” we found a subtotal = −0.29 [−0.71, 0.12], p = 0.16, and heterogeneity = 0%. For the “L-Citrulline” subgroup we observed a subtotal = 0.00 [−0.67, 0.67], p = 1.00, and heterogeneity was not applicable. No differences were observed between groups (p = 0.47), and I² = 0%) or in antioxidant activity (subtotal = −0.28 [−1.65, 1.08], p = 0.68, and heterogeneity = 0%). In the “L-Arginine” sub-group, we found a subtotal = −3.90 [−14.18, 6.38], p = 0.46, and heterogeneity was not applicable. For the “L-Citrulline” subgroup, we reported a subtotal = −0.22 [−1.60, 1.16], p = 0.75, and heterogeneity was not applicable. No differences were observed between groups (p = 0.49), and I² = 0%), inflammatory markers (subtotal = 8.38 [−0.02, 16.78], p = 0.05, and heterogeneity = 93%. Tests for subgroup differences were not applicable, and anti-inflammatory markers (subtotal = −0.38 [−1.15, 0.39], p = 0.34 and heterogeneity = 15%; testing for subgroup differences was not applicable). In conclusion, our systematic review and meta-analysis found that L-Citrulline and L-Arginine did not influence inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress after exercise.

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“…Furthermore, the physiological limits of vessel compliance and intact regulatory mechanisms in healthy, active individuals may limit the effects of L-citrulline supplementation on blood flow in more aerobically trained individuals [ 52 ]. Indeed, other studies utilizing L-citrulline paired with high-intensity resistance training have demonstrated increases in NO concentrations [ 16 , 53 ], yet these did not evaluate blood flow during the exercise session.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of L-Citrulline and Glutathione on Endurance performance in young adult trained males

Cabre

Greenwalt

Gould

et al. 2023

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Background Citrulline may amplify the effects of L-arginine and nitric oxide concentration, which may augment vasodilation and blood flow, thereby enhancing aerobic exercise performance. The purpose of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study was to investigate effects of L-citrulline + Glutathione on aerobic exercise performance and blood flow in well-trained men. Methods Twenty-five males (Mean ± SD; Age: 22.2 ± 2.4 yrs; Height: 177.0 ± 4.8 cm; Weight: 75.3 ± 6.9 kg) were randomly assigned to the L-citrulline + Glutathione (Setria Performance Blend: SPB; L-citrulline [2 g] + glutathione [200 mg], 6 capsules) or placebo (PL; 3.1 g cellulose, 6 capsules) group. Participants performed a maximal oxygen consumption treadmill test to determine peak velocity (PV) and returned after eight days of ingesting either PL or SPB. Three timed treadmill runs to exhaustion (TTE) were performed at 90%, 100%, and 110% PV. Brachial artery blood flow and vessel diameter were assessed using ultrasound at 1-hr prior to exercise (1hrPrEX), after each exercise bout, immediately post-exercise (immediate PEX), and 30 minutes post exercise (30minPEX) at visits 2 and 4. Blood analytes were assessed via venous blood draws at visit 1, visit 3, and 1hrPEX, immediate PEX, and 30minPEX at visits 2 and 4. After a 14-day washout, participants repeated the same procedures, ingesting the opposite treatment. Separate repeated measures ANOVAs were performed for TTE, vessel diameter, blood flow, and blood analytes. Results Blood flow was significantly augmented 30minPEX ( p = 0.04) with SPB in comparison with PL. L-citrulline and L-arginine plasma concentrations were significantly elevated immediately PEX ( p = 0.001) and 30-minPEX ( p = 0.001) following SPB in comparison to PL. Conclusion Acute ingestion of SPB after eight days may enhance blood flow, L-citrulline, and L-arginine plasma concentrations after high-intensity exercise, which may enhance performance. Clinical Trial Registration [ https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/nct04090138 ], identifier [NCT04090138].

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Effects of l-citrulline supplementation on nitric oxide and antioxidant markers after high-intensity interval exercise in young men: a randomised controlled trial

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Cardiac Oxidative Stress and the Therapeutic Approaches to the Intake of Antioxidant Supplements and Physical Activity

Cardiac Oxidative Stress and the Therapeutic Approaches to the Intake of Antioxidant Supplements and Physical Activity

Absence of Effects of L-Arginine and L-Citrulline on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Oxidative Stress in Response to Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

The effects of L-Citrulline and Glutathione on Endurance performance in young adult trained males

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