Effects of<scp>l</scp>-arginine and creatine administration on spatial memory in rats subjected to a chronic variable stress model

Santos, Fabio Seidel dos; Silva, Luiz Augusto da; Pochapski, José Augusto; Raczenski, Alan; Silva, Weber Cláudio da; Grassiolli, Sabrina; Malfatti, Carlos Ricardo Maneck

doi:10.3109/13880209.2013.876654

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In healthy adults, tyrosine improved cognitive performance, especially in stressful conditions [ 48 , 49 ] and histidine shortened reaction time on a working memory task [ 50 ]. Glutamic acid improved learning and memory in rats [ 51 ] and arginine improved cognitive function in humans [ 52 ], showed antioxidant neuroprotective effects [ 53 , 54 ] and improved working memory [ 55 ] and spatial memory [ 53 , 55 ] in rats. BCAA supplementation has been studied in adult athletes and shown to improve cognitive function [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ] due to modulation of neurotransmitter (serotonin and the catecholamines) synthesis and release [ 60 , 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Essence of Chicken on Cognitive Function Improvement: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

2018

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High-quality, adequately-powered clinical trials investigating the effect of Essence of Chicken (EC) on cognitive function are lacking. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on healthy adult volunteers to determine the effect of EC on short-term memory, working memory, and selective and sustained attention. As a secondary objective, we evaluated baseline stress as a modifying factor by including treatment, stress and visit as main effects in a three-way ANOVA model. Cognitive function was evaluated at baseline, and Days 7 and 14. Data from 235 participants were analyzed on a per-protocol basis. The three-way interaction effect was significant (p = 0.020) in Digit Span Forward and further analyses showed EC improved test performance in moderate (p = 0.041) and severe stress (p = 0.065) but not in normal and mild stress subgroups. In Digit Span Backward, EC group showed greater improvement compared to placebo (p = 0.028), with 0.60 digits (8.50% improvement from baseline) more recalled on Day 7. No treatment or interaction effects were statistically significant in selective and sustained attention tests. Our findings support EC’s effect in improving mental processes used in working memory among healthy adults and short-term memory among healthy adults experiencing stress in daily life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Essence of Chicken on Cognitive Function Improvement: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

2018

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“…It is possible that an even longer time period is required to enhance brain creatine levels. On the other hand, it is also possible that creatine supplementation might only work on brain performance when deficient in the first place, or when challenged with various stressors [8,10,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, other studies in healthy adults have found no cognitive benefit to creatine supplementation [7] and possibly, the cognitive effects of creatine supplementation may only be apparent during stress or when exogenous supply or endogenous synthesis is restricted. Indeed, studies in rats show improved efficiency with spatial working memory during chronic stress following a single creatine dose [8]. Whereas mice chronically supplemented with creatine elicited better performance on a variety of memory tasks and had improved mitochondrial energetics [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of supplemental creatine and guanidinoacetic acid on spatial memory and the brain of weaned Yucatan miniature pigs

et al. 2020

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The emergence of creatine as a potential cognitive enhancement supplement for humans prompted an investigation as to whether supplemental creatine could enhance spatial memory in young swine. We assessed memory performance and brain concentrations of creatine and its precursor guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) in 14-16-week-old male Yucatan miniature pigs supplemented for 2 weeks with either 200 mg/kg�d creatine (+Cr; n = 7) or equimolar GAA (157 mg/kg�d) (+GAA; n = 8) compared to controls (n = 14). Spatial memory tests had pigs explore distinct sets of objects for 5 min. Objects were spatially controlled, and we assessed exploration times of previously viewed objects relative to novel objects in familiar or novel locations. There was no effect of either supplementation on memory performance, but pigs successfully identified novel objects after 10 (p < 0.01) and 20 min (p < 0.01) retention intervals. Moreover, pigs recognized spatial transfers after 65 min (p < 0.05). Regression analyses identified associations between the ability to identify novel objects in memory tests and concentrations of creatine and GAA in cerebellum, and GAA in prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05). The concentration of creatine in brain regions was not influenced by creatine supplementation, but GAA supplementation increased GAA concentration in cerebellum (p < 0.05), and the prefrontal cortex of +GAA pigs had more creatine/g and less GAA/g compared to +Cr pigs (p < 0.05). Creatine kinase activity and maximal reaction velocity were also higher with GAA supplementation in prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there appears to be a relationship between memory performance and guanidino compounds in the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex, but the effects were unrelated to dietary supplementation. The cerebellum is identified as a target site for GAA accretion.

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“…Notably, arginine and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis pathways were specifically reduced in C-ADHD patients. Arginine, a precursor of nitric oxide, is related to better memory [35] and improved intestinal inflammation [36]. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is a dominant vitamin B6 active type, and serum vitamin B6 was decreased in ADHD patients [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut metagenomics discriminates unique microbial signatures in diverse symptomatic profiles with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Sun

Huang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heterogeneous psychiatric disorder that can be divided into inattentive (I-ADHD), hyperactive-impulsive (HI-ADHD), and combined (C-ADHD) subtypes. Different early life events and environmental factors correlated with the gut microbiota community have been implicated in the development of ADHD. However, whether different ADHD symptomatic presentations are associated with distinct microbiota composition and function still unknown. Therefore, we carried out metagenomic analysis from 207 subjects to characterize the gut microbial profiles in ADHD and subgroup patients.ResultsThe current study revealed that the gut microbiota composition (beta diversity) can be effectively distinguished between C-ADHD patients and HCs, but not I-ADHD patients and HCs, nor general ADHD patients and HCs. Features include underrepresentation of 8 species belonging to the genus Bacteroides and enrichment of 5 species of Bifidobacterium and Prevotella in general ADHD patients (all p < 0.05). Eight of the above species became progressively reduced (ovatus, thetaiotaomicron, intestinalis, cellulosilyticus, and fluxus belonging to the genus Bacteroides) or enriched (Prevotella_copri, Prevotella_buccae and Bifidobacterium_breve) from healthy controls (HCs) to I-ADHD and C-ADHD patients. Predicted metabolic functions from these distinguished gut microbial markers described a certain compensatory host metabolism in ADHD and subgroup patients. Particularly, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (a dominant vitamin B6 active type) biosynthesis pathways were significantly reduced in C-ADHD patients, because serum vitamin B6 deficiency in ADHD patients was found previously. Of note, we identified diverse virulence factor and antibiotic resistance from the gut microbiota of ADHD patients. The abundance of antibiotic resistance ontology ANT(9)-Ia positively correlated with the abundance of Prevotella_amnii, which was enriched in ADHD patients. Moreover, species-based bacterial markers were used to construct classifiers and achieved a higher AUC of 0.87 in C-ADHD vs. HC than that in ADHD vs. HC (AUC = 0.84).ConclusionsThese findings uncover alterations in microbial composition in subgroup patients and provide potential biomarkers for diagnosis different symptomatic presentations for ADHD.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03447223. Registered 27 February 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03447223?term=03447223&draw=2&rank=1

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Effects ofl-arginine and creatine administration on spatial memory in rats subjected to a chronic variable stress model

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Effectiveness of Essence of Chicken on Cognitive Function Improvement: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Effectiveness of Essence of Chicken on Cognitive Function Improvement: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Effects of supplemental creatine and guanidinoacetic acid on spatial memory and the brain of weaned Yucatan miniature pigs

Gut metagenomics discriminates unique microbial signatures in diverse symptomatic profiles with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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