Effects of <scp>D</scp>‐Aspartate Treatment on <scp>D</scp>‐Aspartate Oxidase, Superoxide Dismutase, and Caspase 3 Activities in Frog (<i>Rana esculenta</i>) Tissues

Burrone, Lavinia; Giovanni, Marcello Di; Fiore, Maria Maddalena Di; Baccari, Gabriella Chieffi; Santillo, Alessandra

doi:10.1002/cbdv.200900331

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The D-Asp levels in the brain of D-Asp-treated frogs (0.99±0.12molg -1 tissue) were about 7-fold higher than those of the controls (0.18±0.03molg -1 tissue), suggesting that exogenously administered D-Asp accumulates in frog brain (Fig.2B). These results are consistent with previous studies demonstrating D-Asp accumulation in various organs of P. esculentus (Burrone et al, 2010;Di Fiore et al, 1998;Di Giovanni et al, 2010a;Raucci et al, 2004;Raucci et al, 2005b;Raucci and Di Fiore, 2011).…”

Section: The Journal Of Experimental Biology 215 (20)supporting

confidence: 93%

Induced synthesis of P450 Aromatase and 17β-estradiol by D-aspartate in frog brain

Burrone

Santillo

Pinelli

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY D-Aspartic acid is an endogenous amino acid occurring in the endocrine glands as well as in the nervous system of various animal phyla. Our previous studies have provided evidence that D-aspartate plays a role in the induction of estradiol synthesis in gonads. Recently, we have also demonstrated that D-aspartic acid induces P450 aromatase mRNA expression in the frog (Pelophylax esculentus) testis. P450 aromatase is the key enzyme in the estrogen synthetic pathway and irreversibly converts testosterone into 17-estradiol. In this study, we firstly investigated the immunolocalisation of P450 aromatase in the brain of P. esculentus, which has never previously been described in amphibians. Therefore, to test the hypothesis that D-aspartate mediates a local synthesis of P450 aromatase in the frog brain, we administered D-aspartate in vivo to male frogs and then assessed brain aromatase expression, sex hormone levels and sex hormone receptor expression. We found that D-aspartate enhances brain aromatase expression (mRNA and protein) through the CREB pathway. Then, P450 aromatase induces 17-estradiol production from testosterone, with a consequent increase of its receptor. Therefore, the regulation of D-aspartate-mediated P450 aromatase expression could be an important step in the control of neuroendocrine regulation of the reproductive axis. Accordingly, we found that the sites of P450 aromatase immunoreactivity in the frog brain correspond to the areas known to be involved in neurosteroid synthesis.

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Section: The Journal Of Experimental Biology 215 (20)supporting

confidence: 93%

Induced synthesis of P450 Aromatase and 17β-estradiol by D-aspartate in frog brain

Burrone

Santillo

Pinelli

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Burrone et al showed that D-Asp increases the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 in the kidney and enhances caspase 3 levels in brain and heart tissues (53). These data indicate that exogenous D-Asp may induce oxidant stress and apoptosis in several tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The putative effects of D-Aspartic acid on blood testosterone levels: A systematic review

Roshanzamir¹,

Safavi²

2017

IJRM

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Background: D-Aspartic acid (D-Asp) is in invertebrate and vertebrate neuroendocrine tissues, where it carries out important physiological functions. Recently, it has been reported that D-Asp is involved in the synthesis and release of testosterone and is assumed can be used as a testosterone booster for infertile men, and by athletes to increase muscle mass and strength. Objective: The aim of this review is to summarize available evidence related to the effects of D-Asp on serum testosterone levels. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic review of all type studies, which evaluated the effect of the D-Asp on blood testosterone including published papers until October 2015, using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest and Scopus database. Results: With 396 retrieved records, 23 animal studies and 4 human studies were included. In vivo and in vitro animal studies revealed the effect of D-Asp depending on species, sex and organ-specific. Our results showed that exogenous D-Asp enhances testosterone levels in male animal's studies, whereas studies in human yielded inconsistent results. The evidence for this association in man is still sparse, mostly because of limited number and poor quality studies. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for more and well-designed human clinical trials with larger sample sizes and longer duration to investigate putative effects of D-Asp on testosterone concentrations.

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“…Moreover, a higher concentration of D-AspO was also described. Finally, the increased concentration of D-Asp in the brain induced the local increase of both D-AspO activity and levels of caspase-3 protein [36].…”

Section: Wild Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

D-Aspartic Acid in Vertebrate Reproduction: Animal Models and Experimental Designs ‡

et al. 2019

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This article reviews the animal models and experimental designs that have been used during the past twenty years to demonstrate the prominent role played by D-aspartate (D-Asp) in the reproduction of vertebrates, from amphibians to humans. We have tabulated the findings of in vivo and in vitro experiments that demonstrate the effects of D-Asp uptake on hormone production and gametogenesis in vertebrate animal models. The contribution of each animal model to the existing knowledge on the role of D-Asp in reproductive processes has been discussed. A critical analysis of experimental designs has also been carried out. Experiments performed on wild animal species suggest a role of D-Asp in the mechanisms that regulate the reproductive cycle. Several in vivo and in vitro studies carried out on mouse and rat models have facilitated an understanding of the molecular pathways activated by D-Asp in both steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, with particular emphasis on testosterone biosynthesis. Some attempts using D-Asp for the improvement of reproductive activity in animals of commercial interest have yielded mixed results. The increased transcriptome activity of enzymes and receptors involved in the reproductive activity in D-Asp-treated broiler roosters revealed further details on the mechanism of action of D-Asp on the reproductive processes. The close relationship between D-Asp and reproductive activity has emerged, particularly in relation to its effects exerted on semen quality, proposing therapeutic applications of this amino acid in andrology and in medically-assisted procreation techniques.

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Effects of D‐Aspartate Treatment on D‐Aspartate Oxidase, Superoxide Dismutase, and Caspase 3 Activities in Frog (Rana esculenta) Tissues

Cited by 23 publications

References 38 publications

Induced synthesis of P450 Aromatase and 17β-estradiol by D-aspartate in frog brain

Induced synthesis of P450 Aromatase and 17β-estradiol by D-aspartate in frog brain

The putative effects of D-Aspartic acid on blood testosterone levels: A systematic review

D-Aspartic Acid in Vertebrate Reproduction: Animal Models and Experimental Designs ‡

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