Effects of saturated, monounsaturated, and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apoproteins in humans

Becker, Nils; Illingworth, D. Roger; Alaupovic, Petar; Connor, W E; Sundberg, Elizabeth E.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/37.3.355

Cited by 152 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It has been reported that the fatty acid content of the adipose tissue is a measure of long-term (1 -3 y) or habitual dietary fat intake (Glatzz et al, 1989;Katan et al, 1997;Beynen et al, 1980;Dayton et al, 1966). The negative relation between adipose polyunsaturated fatty acids and serum total cholesterol and LDL-C, agrees with adult studies indicating reductions in serum cholesterol and LDL-C with increasing polyunsaturated fat intake (Beynen & Katan, 1985a,b;Gardner & Kraemer 1995;Becker et al, 1983). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study linking abdominal polyunsaturated fat and serum total cholesterol and LDL-C in children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Abdominal vs buttock adipose fat: relationships with children's serum lipid levels

et al. 2002

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Objective: To explore the extent to which the reported unfavorable fatty acid content of abdominal depots in adults is also true for children. In addition, the present study aims to assess the relative importance of abdominal vs buttock adipose tissue fat in the prediction of serum lipid levels in children. Design: A cross-sectional study of children from the island of Crete. Setting: The study was conducted between October 1999 and January 2000 in the Municipality of St Nikolas, Crete. Subjects: A total of 475 children (aged 11 -18) participated in the study. Data were obtained on children's anthropometry, serum lipids, physical activity and abdominal and buttock adipose tissue fatty acids. In total 138 children (aged 11 -16) had complete data in all of the variables studied. Results: Abdominal depots have elevated proportions of saturated fatty acids (P < 0.001) and trans fatty acids (P < 0.001), and reduced proportions of monounsaturated (P < 0.001) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.001) in comparison to buttock depots. Buttock adipose tissue monounsaturated fat correlated negatively to serum LDL-C (P < 0.05). Abdominal adipose tissue polyunsaturated fat had negative correlations with serum total cholesterol (P < 0.05) and LDL-C (P < 0.05). Regression analyses indicated that children's serum total cholesterol (P < 0.05) and LDL-C (P < 0.05) were inversely related to abdominal adipose tissue polyunsaturated fat. Body mass index was positively related to serum triglycerides (P < 0.01) and LDL-C (P < 0.01), and negatively to serum HDL-C (P < 0.05). Age was negatively related to serum HDL-C (P < 0.05).Conclusions: It appears that, similar to adults, children's fatty acid composition of abdominal adipose tissue is less favorable than that of the buttock. Abdominal depots have elevated proportions of saturated fatty acids and reduced proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat in comparison to buttock depots. Moreover, children's abdominal depots appear to have higher trans fatty acid contents than buttock depots. Children's adipose polyunsaturated fat, a biomarker of long-term polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, is inversely related to serum total cholesterol and LDL-C. It appears that abdominal adipose tissue fatty acids are more strongly related to serum lipids than buttock adipose tissue fatty acids. This may be attributed to the reported higher lipolysis rates in abdominal as opposed to buttock depots. Sponsorship: Funding was provided by the Municipality of St Nikolas, Crete, Greece.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Abdominal vs buttock adipose fat: relationships with children's serum lipid levels

et al. 2002

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“…Results from two carefully controlled studies using liquid formula diets indicate that polyunsaturated fat decreases high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (Mattson & Grundy, 1985;Vega et al, 1982). This is in contrast to studies that have noted no change in high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations when feeding either liquid formula or solid foods rich in polyunsaturated fat (Becker et al, 1983;Howard et al, 1995;Mensink & Katan, 1989).…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat produces a slightly larger decrease in total cholesterol than with monounsaturated fat; however, the effect on high density lipoprotein cholesterol is uncertain (Becker et al, 1983;Gustafsson et al, 1992;Howard et al, 1995;Mattson & Grundy, 1985;Mensink & Katan, 1989;Vega et al, 1982;Wardlaw & Snook, 1990). Results from two carefully controlled studies using liquid formula diets indicate that polyunsaturated fat decreases high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (Mattson & Grundy, 1985;Vega et al, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of replacing dietary saturated fat with polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat on plasma lipids in free-living young adults

2001

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Objective: To examine, in free-living adults eating self-selected diets, the effects on plasma cholesterol of substituting saturated fat rich foods with either n-6 polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat rich foods while at the same time adhering to a total fat intake of 30 -33% of dietary energy. Design: Two randomised crossover trials. Setting: General community. Subjects: Volunteer sample of healthy free-living nutrition students at the University of Otago. Trial I, n ¼ 29; and trial II, n ¼ 42. Interventions: In trials I and II participants were asked to follow for 2 1 2 weeks a diet high in saturated fat yet with a total fat content that conformed to nutrition recommendations (30 -33% energy). During the 2 1=2 week comparison diet, saturated fat rich foods were replaced with foods rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fats (trial I) whereas in trial II the replacement foods were rich in monounsaturated fats. Participants were asked to maintain a total fat intake of 30 -33% of energy on all diets. Main outcome measures: Energy and nutrient intakes, plasma triglyceride fatty acids, and plasma cholesterol. Results: When replacing saturated fat with either n-6 polyunsaturated fat or monounsaturated fat, total fat intakes decreased by 2.9% energy and 5.1% energy, respectively. Replacing saturated fat with n-6 polyunsaturated fat (trial I) lowered plasma total cholesterol by 19% [from 4.87 (0.88) to 3.94 (0.92) mmol=l, mean (s.d.)], low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 22% [from 2.87 (0.75) to 2.24 (0.67) mmol=l], and high density lipoprotein cholesterol by 14% [from 1.39 (0.36) to 1.19 (0.34) mmol=l], whereas replacing saturated fat with monounsaturated fat (trial II) decreased total cholesterol by 12%, low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 15%, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol by 4%, respectively. The change in the ratio of total to high density lipoprotein cholesterol was similar during trial I and trial II. Conclusions: Young adults are very responsive to dietary-induced changes in plasma cholesterol even when an isocaloric replacement of saturated fat with n-6 polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat is not achieved. Replacing saturated fat with either n-6 polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat is equally efficacious at reducing the total to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio.

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“…Vários estudos observaram que uma ingestão relativamente alta de gordura saturada (aproximadamente 17% da energia total) é um significante contribuinte para a alta incidência de doenças coronarianas (Keys et al, 1965;Keys, 1970;Shekelle et al, 1981;Becker et al, 1983). Grundy (1986) Garcia-Palmieri et al (1980) Shekelle et al (1981) Kromhout & Coulander (1984) Keys (1986) n = número de participantes SA = sem associação significativa com morte por doença coronariana + = associação positiva com morte por doença coronariana NR = não relatado quando comparadas com a dieta high-sat, as high-mono e low-fat reduziram o colesterol em 13 e 8%, respectivamente e o LDL-colesterol em 21 e 15%, respectivamente.…”

Section: Evolução Dos Estudos Referentes à Consumo Evolução Dos Estudunclassified

<a name="top"></a>Ácidos graxos e doenças cardiovasculares: uma revisão

et al. 2000

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Nas últimas décadas a prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares tem aumentado progressivamente Termos de indexação: ácidos graxos saturados, ácidos graxos monoinsaturados, ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, doenças cardiovasculares. A B S T R A C T A B S T R A C T A B S T R A C T A B S T R A C T A B S T R A C T During the last decades the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has increased progressively, becoming a serious public health problem. Some studies have shown a positive association between saturated fatty acid intake and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, and a negative association with unsaturated fatty acids intake. These studies indicate a need to evaluate the different kinds of fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) and their effects, aiming at a better utilization and maintaining a suitable proportion in the diet in order to diminish the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this paper is to accomplish a review of the medical literature regarding fatty acids and their effects on cardiovascular diseases, as well as the evolution of their requirements through time, consumption trends and future perspectives.

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Effects of saturated, monounsaturated, and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apoproteins in humans

Cited by 152 publications

References 17 publications

Abdominal vs buttock adipose fat: relationships with children's serum lipid levels

Abdominal vs buttock adipose fat: relationships with children's serum lipid levels

The effect of replacing dietary saturated fat with polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat on plasma lipids in free-living young adults

<a name="top"></a>Ácidos graxos e doenças cardiovasculares: uma revisão

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