Effects of Satellite- and Voice- Switching -Equipment Transmission Delays on Air Traffic Control Communications

Nadler, Eric; Mengert, Peter; DiSario, Robert; Sussman, Elisabeth; Grossberg, Mitchell; Spanier, Gerard

doi:10.1207/s15327108ijap0304_5

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…These were used as a measure of sector performance because of their link with serious aviation accidents and incidents, including the 1977 Tenerife crash involving two 747s. Other researchers have used step-ons as a measure of sector safety including Nadler et al (1993), who found that a greater number of step-ons resulted from longer audio set up latencies, particularly when traffic density was high (see also Sollenberger et al, 2003).…”

Section: Pilot Communication and Execution Latencies 16mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of UAS Pilot Communication and Execution Latencies on Air Traffic Controllers’ Acceptance of UAS Operations

Chiappe

Morales

et al. 2014

Air Traffic Control Quarterly

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The integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System (NAS) requires that UAS meet or exceed the safety requirements established for conventional aircraft, and for the UAS pilots to interact with air traffic controllers (ATCos) in an acceptable manner.UAS have several characteristics that differentiate them from conventional aircraft, including the possibility of greater latencies associated with remote pilot communication and command execution. The goal of the present study was to determine how adding delays to UAS pilot communications and command executions affect ATCos' interactions with UAS and conventional aircraft. Six previously certified radar controllers and two currently certified radar controllers were recruited as participants to manage traffic in a simulated sector with conventional traffic and one UAS flying in it. The UAS pilot verbal communication and execution latencies were varied in separate scenarios to include an additional delay that was either short (1.5 s) or long (5 s), and constant or variable within each scenario. We measured both UAS and conventional pilots' verbal communication and execution initiation latencies, and obtained ATCos' acceptability ratings for the different delay conditions. Also examined were the number of communication step-ons created by the additional communication delays implemented in the UAS control station, as well as other measures of the ATCo-pilot interactions. We found ATCos rated UAS pilot verbal communication latencies to be acceptable when the latencies were short rather than long and that acceptability ratings often reflect broader features of the sectors being managed. Implications of these findings for UAS integration in the NAS and limitations of the present study are discussed.

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Section: Pilot Communication and Execution Latencies 16mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of UAS Pilot Communication and Execution Latencies on Air Traffic Controllers’ Acceptance of UAS Operations

Chiappe

Morales

et al. 2014

Air Traffic Control Quarterly

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“…Porterfield (1997) found that communication level/frequency congestion is a reliable measure of workload. Higher workloads lead to increased stress (Nadler, Mengert, DiSario, & Sussman, 1993) and operational errors (Davies, Tomoszek, Hicks, & White, 1995; Edwards, 1988). Communication errors should also increase as aviator workload increases.…”

Section: Control‐based Problematics In Aviation Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tower, Am I Cleared to Land?: Problematic Communication in Aviation Discourse

Howard

2008

Human Communication Research

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This study examined problematic communication in pilot-air traffic controller (ATC) interaction. More than 15 hours of pilot-ATC dialogue were collected by monitoring control tower frequencies at 15 U.S. airports. The transcribed data yielded a total of 34 ATCs, 270 pilots, and 1,799 turns of talk. Analyses revealed that (a) communication problematics manifested in pilot turns more than ATC turns, (b) higher amounts of information led to increased problematic communication in the subsequent turn, and (c) linguistic violations of ATC protocol increased problematic communication in the subsequent turn. Partial support was found for the effect of frequency congestion on problematic communication. No effect was observed for airport size on problematic communication. The discussion addresses the significance of protocol deviations and system constraints for problematic communication. Applications for the findings in pilot-ATC radio interaction are also suggested.

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“…Even teams communicating even under very short delays demonstrate degraded performance (Nadler et al, 1993;Rantanen et al, 2004). A curvilinear effect of communication delay on task performance has not previously been reported in the literature.…”

Section: Study Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effects of Long Audio Communication Delays on Team Performance

Armstead

Henning

2007

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Mediated communication in sociotechnical systems is quite common but the effects of long audio delays remain unexplored. In the current study, two-person teams (N=67) completed a modified NASA Multi-Attribute Task Battery with closed-loop audio communication delays 0 to 16 seconds in length. In addition to a joint fuel management task, each team member had simultaneous responsibility for either a compensatory tracking or a system monitoring task. As communication delay increased, performance on the joint task degraded in a cubic fashion while individual tasks were unaffected. These results imply that audio communication delay degrades team performance in a non-linear fashion while simultaneous tasks not requiring communication are unaffected. Implications for the design of sociotechnical systems with long audio communication delays are discussed.

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Effects of Satellite- and Voice- Switching -Equipment Transmission Delays on Air Traffic Control Communications

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Impact of UAS Pilot Communication and Execution Latencies on Air Traffic Controllers’ Acceptance of UAS Operations

Impact of UAS Pilot Communication and Execution Latencies on Air Traffic Controllers’ Acceptance of UAS Operations

Tower, Am I Cleared to Land?: Problematic Communication in Aviation Discourse

Effects of Long Audio Communication Delays on Team Performance

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