Effects of sanitation processes on survival of Synchytrium endobioticum and Globodera rostochiensis

Steinmöller, Silke; Bandte, Martina; Büttner, Carmen; Müller, Petra

doi:10.1007/s10658-012-9955-y

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Steinmöller et al . () reported that viable winter sporangia (resting spores) of S. endobioticum could be confirmed in sample material using microscopy and plant bioassays after composting for 70 days at 30–45 °C, 21 days at 50–55 °C or 12 days at 60–65 °C. However, conclusions from the two methods did not correlate and bioassay results were variable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Composting to sanitize plant‐based waste infected with organisms of plant health importance

et al. 2017

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The potential for using the composting process to sanitize plant waste infected with one of three plant pathogens was investigated using bench‐scale composting equipment. Two of these pathogens, the potato wart disease fungus Synchytrium endobioticum and Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) are currently subject to European quarantine regulations. The third, Polymyxa betae, a parasite of sugar beet, is regulated in some European countries when in association with Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), the causal organism of rhizomania disease of sugar beet. Survival of test organisms following various combinations of compost temperature, exposure time and moisture was determined using RNA‐based detection methodology and/or plant‐based bioassays. Mathematically definable relationships between compost treatment (temperature/time) and organism viability were identified for P. betae and S. endobioticum; these give some indication of the practicality of using composting for dealing with infected wastes. However, for PSTVd, the considerable variability in measured susceptibility of the viroid to the composting process meant that no such definable relationship could be determined and further work would be needed to extrapolate to practical situations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Composting to sanitize plant‐based waste infected with organisms of plant health importance

et al. 2017

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“…Finally, organic waste from processing has to be sanitized before it can be used as fertilizer in agriculture, in horticulture, or in private gardens, for instance by composting or pasteurization (EPPO, 2008). While these techniques have been proven effective against plant pests such as potato cyst nematodes, they have little to no effect on the resting sporangia of S. endobioticum (Steinmöller et al, 2012). Moreover, composting of infected potato material is part of the inoculum preparation for Spieckermann assays (EPPO, 2004).…”

Section: Distribution Dispersal and Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchytrium endobioticum, the potato wart disease pathogen

Vossenberg¹,

Prodhomme

Vossen

et al. 2022

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Potato wart disease is considered one of the most important quarantine pests for cultivated potato and is caused by the obligate biotrophic chytrid fungus Synchytrium endobioticum. This review integrates observations from early potato wart research and recent molecular, genetic, and genomic studies of the pathogen and its host potato. Taxonomy, epidemiology, pathology, and formation of new pathotypes are discussed, and a model for molecular S. endobioticum–potato interaction is proposed. Taxonomy Currently classified as kingdom: Fungi, phylum: Chytridiomycota, class: Chytridiomycetes, order: Chytridiales, family: Synchytriaceae, genus: Synchytrium, species: Synchytrium endobioticum, there is strong molecular support for Synchytriaceae to be transferred to the order Synchytriales. Hosts and disease symptoms Solanum tuberosum is the main host for S. endobioticum but other solanaceous species have been reported as alternative hosts. It is not known if these alternative hosts play a role in the survival of the pathogen in (borders of) infested fields. Disease symptoms on potato tubers are characterized by the warty cauliflower‐like malformations that are the result of cell enlargement and cell multiplication induced by the pathogen. Meristematic tissue on tubers, stolons, eyes, sprouts, and inflorescences can be infected while the potato root system seems to be immune. Pathotypes For S. endobioticum over 40 pathotypes, which are defined as groups of isolates with a similar response to a set of differential potato varieties, are described. Pathotypes 1(D1), 2(G1), 6(O1), and 18(T1) are currently regarded to be most widespread. However, with the current differential set other pathogen diversity largely remains undetected. Pathogen–host interaction A single effector has been described for S. endobioticum (AvrSen1), which is recognized by the potato Sen1 resistance gene product. This is also the first effector that has been described in Chytridiomycota, showing that in this fungal division resistance also fits the gene‐for‐gene concept. Although significant progress was made in the last decade in mapping wart disease resistance loci, not all resistances present in potato breeding germplasm could be identified. The use of resistant varieties plays an essential role in disease management.

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“…discarded potatoes, soil, water) from potato processing industries used as fertiliser, land fill or irrigation water (Efremenko and Yakovleva, 1981;Langerfeld, 1984;Steinm € oller et al, 2004). Potato processing is an important industrial sector in many EU MSs, including Germany, where 3 million tonnes of waste are produced of which the major part is used as fertiliser (Steinm € oller et al, 2012).…”

Section: Eu Distribution Of Main Host Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Thecaphora solani

Bragard¹,

Dehnen‐Schmutz²,

Serio³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of the fungus Thecaphora solani, the causal agent of smut of potato, for the EU. The identity of the pest is well established and reliable methods exist for its detection and identification. T. solani is present in Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru and Venezuela. The pathogen is not known to occur in the EU and is listed in Annex IAI of Directive 2000/29/EC, meaning its introduction into the EU is prohibited. The major host is Solanum tuberosum (potato), but various other tuber‐forming Solanum species are also affected. The pest has also been reported on Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), and wild solanaceous plants are also affected. All the major hosts and pathways of entry are currently regulated. Host availability and climate matching suggest that T. solani could establish in parts of the EU and further spread by human‐assisted means. The disease induces gall formation on potato tubers, stolons and underground stem parts, reducing yield and making tubers unmarketable. The pest introduction in the EU would potentially cause impacts to potato production. In the infested areas, the only available strategy to control the disease and prevent it from spreading is the application of quarantine and sanitation measures and the cultivation of resistant varieties. The main uncertainties concern the host range, the biology and epidemiology of the pest, and the potential of the pest to enter the EU through three unregulated minor pathways. T. solani meets all the criteria assessed by EFSA for consideration as potential Union quarantine pest. The criteria for considering T. solani as a potential Union regulated non‐quarantine pest are not met, since the pest is not known to occur in the EU.

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Effects of sanitation processes on survival of Synchytrium endobioticum and Globodera rostochiensis

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Composting to sanitize plant‐based waste infected with organisms of plant health importance

Composting to sanitize plant‐based waste infected with organisms of plant health importance

Synchytrium endobioticum, the potato wart disease pathogen

Pest categorisation of Thecaphora solani

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