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Conducting detailed assessments of the energy and mineral potential of the Nation's land and offshore areas.-Investigating and issuing warnings of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and other geologic and hydrologic hazards. Conducting research on the geologic structure of the Nation. Studying the geologic features, structure, processes, and history of the other planets of our solar system. Conducting topographic surveys of the Nation and preparing topographic and thematic maps and related cartographic products. Developing and producing digital cartographic data bases and products.-Collecting data on a routine basis to determine the quantity, quality, and use of surface water and ground water. Conducting water-resource appraisals to describe the consequences of alternative plans for developing land and water resources. Conducting research in hydraulics and hydrology, and coordinating all Federal water-data acquisition. Using remotely sensed data to develop new cartographic, geologic, and hydrologic research techniques for natural resources planning and management. Providing earth-science information through an extensive publications program and a network of public access points. Along with its continuing commitment to meet the growing and changing earth-science needs of the Nation, the USGS remains dedicated to its original mission to collect, analyze, interpret, publish, and disseminate information about the natural resources of the Nation providing "Earth Science in the public Service." Water Resources Division's Mission and Program The mission of the Water Resources Division is to provide the hydrologic information and understanding needed for the optimum use and management of the .Nation's water resources for the overall benefit of the people of the United States. This is accomplished, in large part, through cooperation with other Federal and non-Federal agencies by:-Collecting, on a systematic basis, data needed for the continuing determination and evaluation of the quantity, quality, and use of the Nation's water resources.-Conducting analytical and interpretive water-resource appraisals describing the occurrence, availability, and the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of surface water and ground water.-Conducting supportive basic and problem-oriented research in hydraulics, hydrology, and related fields of science to improve the scientific basis for investigations and measurement techniques and to understand hydrologic systems sufficiently well to quantitatively predict their response to stress, either natural or manmade.-Disseminating the water data and the results of these investigations and research through reports, maps, computerized information services, and other forms of public releases.-Coordinating the activities of Federal agencies in the acquisition of water data for streams, lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, and ground water.-Providing scientific and technical assistance in hydrologic fields to other Federal, State and local agencies, to licensees of the Federal Power Com...
FIGURES 1. Block diagram showing the generalized geologic setting for glacial-drift, river-valley aquifers 4 Contents III 2. Block diagram showing recharge-discharge relations and flow patterns in glacial-drift, river-valley aquifers 5 3-5. Diagrams showing groundwater flow at various stages of aquifer development: 3. Natural equilibrium conditions before pumping 6 4. Early pumping conditions 6 5. Late pumping conditions at equilibrium 6 6. Diagram of a pumping well showing a cross-sectional view of the cone of depression and a plan view of the area of influence 7 7. Diagram of a pumping well showing a cross-sectional view of the zone of contribution and a plan view of the contributing area 8 8. Block diagram showing the geohydrologic features of the hypothetical aquifer used in figure 9 to illustrate the difference between the area of influence and the contributing area of a pumped well 8 9. Maps of the hypothetical aquifer, illustrated in figure 8, showing prepumping flow net, steady-state drawdowns and the area of influence of a pumped well, and flow net and contributing area for pumping conditions 10 10-12. Diagrams showing: 10. A, Head distribution for a natural-flow system; fi, Drawdowns caused by a pumping stress; and C, Head distribution resulting from superposition of A and B 11 11. The geohydrologic features of the hypothetical stratified-drift, rivervalley aquifer addressed in the model analyses 13 12. An idealized version of the aquifer for analysis with an analytical model using a line-source river boundary 15 13. Maps of the idealized aquifer showing, A, Prepumping water-table altitudes; B, Drawdowns computed by using the analytical model; and C, Water-table altitudes and contributing area resulting from superposition of A and B for the line-source river-boundary condition 16 14. Finite-difference grid used for the two-dimensional numerical-model analyses shown in plan and cross-sectional views 17 15-17. Maps showing: 15. Contributing areas for a well pumping 0.25 million gallons per day in a river-valley aquifer 18 16. Average steady-state water-table altitudes, without pumping, computed by using the two-dimensional numerical model 19 17. Water-table altitudes and contributing areas of a well pumped at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 million gallons per day 20 18. Graphs showing sizes of contributing areas and sources of water pumped from the well as a function of well discharge 21 19. Maps showing water-table altitudes and contributing areas of a well pumped at 1.0 million gallons per day for 0.5 times average, average, and 1.5 times average recharge 23 20. Graphs showing sizes of contributing areas and sources of water pumped from the well as a function of recharge rate 24 21. Maps showing water-table configuration and contributing area of a well pumped at 1.0 million gallons per day after 30, 90, and 180 days of drought 25 22. Maps showing water-table altitudes and contributing areas of a well pumped at 1.0 million gallons per day and having streambed coefficients (k'lb'} of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 26 23. Graphs s...
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