Effects of sample processing on pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables

Fajgelj, A.; Ambrus, Á.; Hill, Alan R.; Harris, Caroline; Warburton, A. G.

doi:10.1039/9781847551757-00041

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Losses of pesticides (captan, chlozolinate, dichlofluanid, dicofol, iprodione, metalaxyl and tolylfluanid; all >20 %) previously reported to occur during ambient processing of lettuce (Hill et al 2000), were not observed using cryogenic processing. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 There is limited data on the stability of pesticides during the ambient milling of grapes and therefore a relevant comparison of the stability of pesticides during cryogenic and ambient processing is not possible.…”

Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In the case of apples, losses (>20 %) of a number of pesticides (bitertanol, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, heptenophos, isofenphos, oxadixyl, prochloraz, tebuconazole and tolylfluanid) previously reported to occur during ambient processing (Hill et al 2000), were minimised using cryogenic processing. These finding are consistent with those of Poulsen and Jonassen (2006), who reported higher recoveries for some pesticides in apples after cryogenic processing compared to processing apples at ambient temperature.…”

Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The laboratory sample is then comminuted (chopped or blended) to produce a homogeneous sample from which representative sub-samples, typically 10-50g, are taken for subsequent laboratory analysis. The majority of laboratories continue to comminute samples at ambient temperature even though losses for a number of pesticides including chlorothalonil, folpet and tolylfluanid have been reported to occur during this procedure, (Hill et al 2000;Lyn et al 2003;El-Bidaoui et al 2000). Losses of pesticides during sample processing will result in an underestimation of residue concentrations with implications for both MRL compliance monitoring and consumer risk assessments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Losses of pesticides during sample processing will result in an underestimation of residue concentrations with implications for both MRL compliance monitoring and consumer risk assessments. In the UK, these losses resulted in public concern regarding the accuracy of the national monitoring programme (Hill et al 2000). There is evidence to suggest that processing samples at low temperatures (cryogenic milling) can minimise the extent of these reported losses and thus produce more reliable results, (Hill et al 2000;Fussell et al 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By reducing the temperature at which the samples are comminuted, the potential reactions between any pesticide residues present in the samples and chemicals/enzymes released when plant cells are disrupted, can be slowed and hence the losses of pesticides minimised. Chlorothalonil, which is not approved for use on protected Winter lettuce in the UK, is particularly prone to losses during sample processing at ambient temperature (Hill et al 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the stability of pesticides during the cryogenic processing of fruits and vegetables

Fussell

Hetmanski

Colyer

et al. 2007

Food Additives & Contaminants

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Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Assessment of the stability of pesticides during the cryogenic processing of fruits and vegetables

Fussell

Hetmanski

Colyer

et al. 2007

Food Additives & Contaminants

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Testing the Stability of Pesticides During Sample Processing for the Chlorpyrifos and Malathion Residue Analysis in Cucumber, Including Matrix Effects

Tiryaki

Baysoyu

Seçer

et al. 2007

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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This article describes the procedure of the testing the stability of compounds during sample processing for the pesticide residue analysis in cucumber, including matrix matched assessment. To find out significant differences, one-tailed t test was applied to the data at 95% confidence level. Our results showed that the calculated value was bigger than the critical value (t ( calc ) > t ( crit )), which means the pesticides were decomposed under our processing conditions.

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Use of a quality control approach to assess measurement uncertainty in the comparison of sample processing techniques in the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables

2018

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In routine monitoring of foods, reduction of analyzed test portion size generally leads to higher sample throughput, less labor, and lower costs of monitoring, but to meet analytical needs, the test portions still need to accurately represent the original bulk samples. With the intent to determine minimal fit-for-purpose sample size, analyses were conducted for up to 93 incurred and added pesticide residues in 10 common fruits and vegetables processed using different sample comminution equipment. The commodities studied consisted of apple, banana, broccoli, celery, grape, green bean, peach, potato, orange, and squash. A Blixer® was used to chop the bulk samples at room temperature, and test portions of 15, 10, 5, 2, and 1 g were taken for analysis (n = 4 each). Additionally, 40 g subsamples (after freezing) were further comminuted using a cryomill device with liquid nitrogen, and test portions of 5, 2, and 1 g were analyzed (n = 4 each). Both low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LPGC-MS/MS) and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-MS/MS were used for analysis. An empirical approach was followed to isolate and estimate the measurement uncertainty contribution of each step in the overall method by adding quality control spikes prior to each step. Addition of an internal standard during extraction normalized the sample preparation step to 0% error contribution, and coefficients of variation (CVs) were 6-7% for the analytical steps (LC and GC) and 6-9% for the sample processing techniques. In practice, overall CVs averaged 9-11% among the different analytes, commodities, batches, test portion weights, and analytical and sample processing methods. On average, CVs increased up to 4% and bias 8-12% when using 1-2 g test portions vs. 10-15 g. Graphical abstract Efficient quality control approach to include sample processing.

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Effects of sample processing on pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of the stability of pesticides during the cryogenic processing of fruits and vegetables

Assessment of the stability of pesticides during the cryogenic processing of fruits and vegetables

Testing the Stability of Pesticides During Sample Processing for the Chlorpyrifos and Malathion Residue Analysis in Cucumber, Including Matrix Effects

Use of a quality control approach to assess measurement uncertainty in the comparison of sample processing techniques in the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables

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