Effects of Sample Disturbance on Small Strain Characteristics and Liquefaction Properties of Holocene and Pleistocene Sandy Soils

Aging Effects on Small Strain Shear Moduli and Liquefaction Properties of in-situ Frozen and Reconstituted Sandy Soils

“…On the other hand, the FSs of Edo-river C sand were thawed at conˆning pressure of 30 kPa or 98 kPa which is lower than those of in-situ overburden stress. However, Kiyota et al (2009) conˆrmed that the disturbance due to low conˆning pressure with Edo-river C sand was insigniˆcant. The other details of the sample preparations were given elsewhere (Kiyota et al, 2009).…”

“…In this study, since a low conˆning pressure during thaw process caused disturbance to the FSs as reported by Kiyota et al (2009), the FSs were thawed at a conˆning pressure of 98 kPa which is almost equivalent to the insitu overburden stress at the depth of sampling of the Tone-river sand and the Edo-river B sand (see Table 1) as well as the limit value of the capacity of conventional vacuum pumps. On the other hand, the FSs of Edo-river C sand were thawed at conˆning pressure of 30 kPa or 98 kPa which is lower than those of in-situ overburden stress.…”

“…They are sandy soils, and theirˆnes contents are less than 3z as summarized in Table 1. The geological ages of these deposits were older in the order of the Edo-river C sand, the Edoriver B sand, and the Tone-river sand (Kiyota et al, 2009). In addition, reconstituted samples were also used in this study.…”

“…A pair of accelerometers was used to measure the arrival of S wave at two diŠerent heights on the side surface of the specimen and thus evaluate the dynamic shear moduli employing the following equation. Refer to Kiyota et al (2009) as well for the details of the dynamic measurement.…”

“…Refer to Kiyota et al (2009) for the details of the apparatus and the transducers employed. The vertical static Young's modulus, Ev, was evaluated from the small cyclic stress-strain relationships with a double amplitude vertical strain of approximately 0.002z, which were measured with a pair of local deformation transducers (LDTs, Goto et al, 1991).…”