Effects of ruminally protected choline and dietary fat on performance and blood metabolites of finishing heifers.

Bindel, D. J.; Drouillard, James S.; Titgemeyer, Evan C.; Wessels, R.H.; Löest, C.A.

doi:10.2527/2000.78102497x

Cited by 44 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Puchala et al (1998) similarly observed no responses to choline when infused via the duodenum of calves. These observations are in contrast to those of Bindel et al (2000) and Drouillard et al (1998), who demonstrated that finishing cattle respond positively to supplementation of ruminally protected choline. One function of choline is methyl group donation via betaine.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 83%

Methionine as a methyl group donor in growing cattle

Löest

Titgemeyer

Metre

et al. 2002

Journal of Animal Science

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Holstein steers were used in two 5 x 5 Latin square experiments to evaluate the sparing of methionine by alternative sources of methyl groups (betaine and choline). Steers were housed in metabolism crates and limit-fed a soybean hull-based diet high in rumen degradable protein. To increase energy supply, ruminal infusions of volatile fatty acids and abomasal infusions of glucose were provided. An amino acid mixture, limiting in methionine, was infused abomasally to ensure that nonsulfur amino acids did not limit protein synthesis. Treatments for Exp. 1 were abomasal infusion of 1) water, 2) 2 g/d L-methionine, 3) 1.7 g/d L-cysteine, 4) 1.6 g/d betaine, and 5) 1.7 g/d L-cysteine + 1.6 g/d betaine. Treatments for Exp. 2 were abomasal infusion of 1) water, 2) 2 g/d L-methionine, 3) 8 g/d betaine, 4) 16 g/d betaine, and 5) 8 g/d choline. In both experiments, nitrogen retention increased in response to methionine (P < 0.05), demonstrating a deficiency of sulfur amino acids. Responses to cysteine, betaine, and choline were all small and not significant. The lack of response to cysteine indicates that the response to methionine was not due to transsulfuration to cysteine or that cysteine supply did not alter the flux of methionine through transsulfuration. The lack of response to betaine suggests that the steers' needs for methyl groups were met by the dietary conditions or that betaine was relatively inefficient in increasing the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine and, thereby, reducing the synthesis of cysteine from homocysteine. Under our experimental conditions, responses to methionine were likely due to a correction of a deficiency of methionine per se rather than of methyl group donors.

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Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 83%

Methionine as a methyl group donor in growing cattle

Löest

Titgemeyer

Metre

et al. 2002

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Dietary fat stimulates intestinal cholesterol synthesis (Nestel et al, 1978) to meet the growing demand of absorption and transport of fat which may explain our results. Bindel et al (2000), Febel et al (2002) and Khorasani and Kennelly (1998) also reported increased cholesterol and free fatty acid level in serum by fat supplementation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Growth Performance of Lambs Fed Diet Supplemented with Rice Bran Oil as Such or as Calcium Soap

Bhatt

Karim

Sahoo

et al. 2013

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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Forty two Malpura lambs (21 d old) were divided into three groups of 14 each consisting of 8 females and 6 males. Lambs were allowed to suckle their respective dams twice daily up to weaning (13 wks) and offered free choice concentrate and roughage in a cafeteria system. The lambs in control group were fed conventional concentrate mixture, in RBO group concentrate mixture fortified with 4% industrial grade rice bran oil and in Ca-soap rice bran oil (as in RBO group) was supplemented in the form of calcium soap. The concentrate intake decreased(p≤0.05) in RBO group as a result total dry matter, crude protein and metabolizable energy intake decreased compared to control whereas Ca-soap prepared from the same rice bran oil stimulated the concentrate intake leading to higher total dry matter, crude protein and energy intakes. The digestibility of dry matter (p≤0.05), organic matter (p≤0.05) and crude protein (p≤0.05) was higher in RBO group followed by Ca-soap and control whereas no effect was observed for ether extract digestibility. Higher cholesterol (p≤0.05) content was recorded in serum of oil supplemented groups (RBO and Ca-soap) while no effect was recorded for other blood parameters. Rice bran oil as such adversely affected and reduced the body weight gain (p≤0.001) of lambs in comparison to control whereas the Ca-soap of rice bran oil improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency in lambs. Fat supplementation decreased total volatile fatty acids (p≤0.05) and individual volatile fatty acid concentration which increased at 4 h post feeding. Fat supplementation also reduced (p≤0.05) total protozoa count. Ca-soap of rice bran oil improved pre slaughter weight (p≤0.05) and hot carcass weight (p≤0.05). It is concluded from the study that rice bran oil in the form of calcium soap at 40 g/kg of concentrate improved growth, feed conversion efficiency and carcass quality as compared to rice bran oil as such and control groups.

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“…This lack of agreement among laboratories may reflect different sampling times in relation to feeding, fewer samples collected than collected in the current experiment, and different amounts of fat intake. Bindel et al (2000) reported increased concentrations of plasma TAG in feedlot heifers fed 5 or 10 g/d of RPC ions compared with heifers fed 0 g/d of RPC ion when tallow was absent from the diet. Tallow supplementation dramatically increased concentrations of plasma TAG and RPC supplementation did not increase TAG concentrations further.…”

Section: Fat Loadingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Feeding increasing amounts of ruminally protected choline decreased fatty liver in nonlactating, pregnant Holstein cows in negative energy status

Zenobi

Scheffler

Zuniga

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objectives were to determine the optimal feeding amount of choline in a ruminally protected form to reduce the triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration in liver and to increase TAG in blood plasma of dairy cows. Pregnant, nonlactating multiparous Holstein cows (n = 77) were blocked by body condition score (3.59 ± 0.33) and assigned to treatment at 64 ± 10 d before calculated calving date. Dietary treatments were top-dressing of 0, 30, 60, 90, or 120 g/d of ruminally protected choline (RPC; Balchem Corp., New Hampton, NY) ions to supply the equivalent of 0, 6.5, 12.9, 19.4, and 25.8 g/d of choline ions. Diets were formulated to exceed nutrient requirements for maintenance and pregnancy and fed in ad libitum amounts for the first 5 d. From d 6 to 15, cows were restricted to consume approximately 31% of their net energy requirements to simulate early lactating cows in negative energy balance. Methionine intake was maintained throughout each 15-d period. Liver was biopsied at 5 and 14 d and analyzed for TAG and glycogen. Blood was sampled on d 5 and 14 and plasma analyzed for glucose, insulin, cholesterol, β-hydroxybutyrate, long-chain fatty acids, and haptoglobin. On d 14, a mixture of saturated long-chain fatty acids, ground corn, and dried molasses (50:37:13) was offered (908 g, as-is basis) 10 h after the single daily feeding. Blood samples were collected for 19 h and plasma analyzed for TAG and cholesterol to assess apparent absorption of dietary fat. Mean dry matter intake and energy balance decreased from means of 9.5 to 3.3 kg/d and from 0.6 to -9.2 Mcal of net energy for lactation/d during the ad libitum and restricted feeding periods, respectively. Plasma concentrations of the lipid-soluble choline biomolecules, namely total phosphatidylcholines, total lysophosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelin, increased with choline supplementation. Feed restriction increased plasma concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate and free long-chain fatty acids, whereas those of glucose, insulin, and total cholesterol decreased. During feed restriction, concentration of hepatic TAG and plasma haptoglobin decreased linearly, whereas concentration of hepatic glycogen tended to increase quadratically with increasing intake of RPC. After fat supplementation, mean plasma concentration of TAG increased by an average of 21% with intake of RPC ions, peaking at intakes of ≥6.5 g/d of RPC ion. In summary, feeding RPC ions to cows in negative energy balance had increasing lipotropic effects on the liver when consumed up to 25.8 g/d, whereas feeding only 6.5 g/d increased concentrations of hepatic glycogen and TAG in the blood.

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Effects of ruminally protected choline and dietary fat on performance and blood metabolites of finishing heifers.

Cited by 44 publications

References 29 publications

Methionine as a methyl group donor in growing cattle

Methionine as a methyl group donor in growing cattle

Growth Performance of Lambs Fed Diet Supplemented with Rice Bran Oil as Such or as Calcium Soap

Feeding increasing amounts of ruminally protected choline decreased fatty liver in nonlactating, pregnant Holstein cows in negative energy status

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