Effects of rumen-protected tryptophan on growth performance, fibre characteristics, nutrient utilization and plasma essential amino acids in Cashmere goats during the cashmere slow growth period

Ma, Hui; Zhang, Wei; Zhu, Xiaoping; Song, Weihong; Liu, Jun; Zhang, Jia

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2010.04.005

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Such effect is exemplified by the development of hypertension in the offspring of mothers that were exposed to experimental chronic kidney disease, which could be prevented by tryptophan supplementation of these pregnant rats, and was accompanied by restoration of the chronic kidney disease-induced alterations in the offspring’s gut microbiome [ 108 ]. In ruminants, tryptophan supplementation, when given in the form of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan (ACT) to bypass microorganism metabolism in the rumen and allow uptake in the small intestine, improved fetal growth [ 109 , 110 ]. In a recent study, Worton et al [ 84 ] investigated the potential use of kynurenine as an anti-hypertensive agent for preeclampsia.…”

Section: Pharmacological Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Function of the Kynurenine Pathway in the Placenta: A Novel Pharmacotherapeutic Target?

Broekhuizen

Danser

Merkus

2021

IJERPH

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(L-)tryptophan is metabolized via the kynurenine pathway into several kynurenine metabolites with distinct functions. Dysfunction of the kynurenine pathway can lead to impairments in vascular regulation, immune regulation, and tolerance. The first and rate limiting enzyme of this pathway, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), is highly expressed in the placenta and reduced in placentas from complicated pregnancies. IDO is essential during pregnancy, as IDO inhibition in pregnant mice resulted in fetal loss. However, the exact function of placental IDO, as well as its exact placental localization, remain controversial. This review identified that two isoforms of IDO; IDO1 and IDO2, are differently expressed between placental cells, suggesting spatial segregation. Furthermore, this review summarizes how the placental kynurenine pathway is altered in pregnancy complications, including recurrent miscarriage, preterm birth, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. Importantly, we describe that these alterations do not affect maternally circulating metabolite concentrations, suggesting that the kynurenine pathway functions as a local signaling pathway. In the placenta, it is an important source of de novo placental NAD+ synthesis and regulates fetal tryptophan and kynurenine metabolite supply. Therefore, kynurenine pathway interventions might provide opportunities to treat pregnancy complications, and this review discusses how such treatment could affect placental function and pregnancy development.

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Section: Pharmacological Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Function of the Kynurenine Pathway in the Placenta: A Novel Pharmacotherapeutic Target?

Broekhuizen

Danser

Merkus

2021

IJERPH

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“…Rumen VFA and EAA are the major energy and nutrients for animal growth, health and production (Maeng et al, 1976;Van Houtert, 1993;Xue et al, 2019). His and Trp were the limiting AA for growing goats (Onodera, 2003;Ma et al, 2010), and some cell experiments demonstrated that the addition of His activated the mTOR pathway, which up-regulated phosphorylation of the downstream protein and ultimately prompted protein synthesis (Appuhamy et al, 2012). In the current study, the abundance of Prevotellaceae family and several genera of it, such as Prevotella, unclassified f Prevotellaceae, Prevotellaceae UCG-001, were higher in triplet goats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Litter size influences rumen microbiota and fermentation efficiency, thus determining host early growth in goats

Wang

Tang²,

Yu³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionMultiple litters are accompanied by low birth weight, low survival rates, and growth rates in goats during early life. Regulating rumen microbiota structure can indirectly or directly affect host metabolism and animal growth. However, the relationship between high litter size and rumen microbiome, rumen fermentation, and growth performance in goat kids is unclear.MethodsIn the present study, thirty 6-month-old, female goats were investigated, of which 10 goats were randomly chosen from single, twin and triplet goats respectively, and their birth weight was recorded. From birth, all goats were subjected to the same feed and management practices. Individual weaning and youth body weight were measured, and the rumen fluid samples were collected to characterize the bacterial communities and to determine the ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA), free amino acids (AA), and free fatty acids (FA) concentration of those young goats.Results and DiscussionCompared with the single and twin goats, triplet goats have lower weaning and youth body weight and average daily gain (ADG). Ruminal propionate, butyrate, and total VFA were decreased in triplet goats. Meanwhile, ruminal AA, such as branched chain amino acids (BCAA), essential amino acids (EAA), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were decreased, while saturated fatty acids (SFA) and odd and branched chain fatty acids (OBCFA) were increased in triplet goats. Our results also revealed that litter size significantly affected the rumen bacterial communities, and triplet goats had a lower the Firmicutes: Bacteroidota ratio, the abundance of Firmicutes phylum, Rikenellaceae family, and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and had a higher proportion of Prevotellaceae family, and several genera of Prevotellaceae, such as Prevotella, and unclassified f Prevotellaceae. Furthermore, Spearman’s correlation network analysis showed that the changes in the rumen bacteria were associated with changes in rumen metabolites. In conclusion, this study revealed that high litter size could bring disturbances to the microbial communities and decrease the rumen fermentation efficiency and growth performance, which can be utilized to better understand variation in microbial ecology that will improve growth performance in triplet goats.

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“…The KP might provide a diagnostically and therapeutically interesting target in complicated pregnancies, particularly in FGR where tryptophan seems to be decreased in both maternal and umbilical cord blood. Animal studies demonstrated that tryptophan supplementation improved embryo survival in mice exposed to pseudorabies virus-induced pregnancy failure, 14 and fetal growth in ruminants, 15,16 potentially through the role of KP metabolites in bone remodeling. 82 Furthermore, the development of hypertension in the pups of rats with experimental chronic kidney disease was prevented by supplementing these pregnant rats with tryptophan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was demonstrated in animal studies in which tryptophan supplementation improved fetal growth and neonatal outcome, while excessive tryptophan intake led to a decreased placental and fetal weight and increased fetal mortality. 14-18…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Kynurenine Pathway in the (Patho) physiology of Maternal Pregnancy and Fetal Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Zundert

Broekhuizen

Smit

et al. 2022

Int J�Tryptophan�Res

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Introduction: Tryptophan is the precursor of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites which regulate immune tolerance, energy metabolism, and vascular tone. Since these processes are important during pregnancy, changes in KP metabolite concentrations may play a role in the pathophysiology of pregnancy complications. We hypothesize that KP metabolites can serve as novel biomarkers and preventive therapeutic targets. This review aimed to provide more insight into associations between KP metabolite concentrations in maternal and fetal blood, and in the placenta, and adverse maternal pregnancy and fetal outcomes. Methods: A systematic search was performed on 18 February 2022 comprising all KP metabolites, and keywords related to maternal pregnancy and fetal outcomes. English-written human studies measuring KP metabolite(s) in maternal or fetal blood or in the placenta in relation to pregnancy complications, were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the ErasmusAGE quality score (QS) (range: 0-10). A meta-analysis of the mean maternal tryptophan and kynurenine concentrations in uncomplicated pregnancies was conducted. Results: Of the 6262 unique records, 37 were included (median QS = 5). Tryptophan was investigated in most studies, followed by kynurenine, predominantly in maternal blood (n = 28/37), and in the second and third trimester of pregnancy (n = 29/37). Compared to uncomplicated pregnancies, decreased tryptophan in maternal blood was associated with an increased prevalence of depression, gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal growth restriction, spontaneous abortion, and preterm birth. Elevated tryptophan was only observed in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension compared to normotensive pregnant women. In women with preeclampsia, only kynurenic acid was altered; elevated in the first trimester of pregnancy, and positively associated with proteinuria in the third trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions: KP metabolite concentrations were altered in a variety of maternal pregnancy and fetal complications. This review implies that physiological pregnancy requires a tight balance of KP metabolites, and that disturbances in either direction are associated with adverse maternal pregnancy and fetal outcomes.

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Effects of rumen-protected tryptophan on growth performance, fibre characteristics, nutrient utilization and plasma essential amino acids in Cashmere goats during the cashmere slow growth period

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

The Function of the Kynurenine Pathway in the Placenta: A Novel Pharmacotherapeutic Target?

The Function of the Kynurenine Pathway in the Placenta: A Novel Pharmacotherapeutic Target?

Litter size influences rumen microbiota and fermentation efficiency, thus determining host early growth in goats

The Role of the Kynurenine Pathway in the (Patho) physiology of Maternal Pregnancy and Fetal Outcomes: A Systematic Review

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