Effects of rubber/filler interactions on the structural development and mechanical properties of NBR/silica composites

Suzuki, Nozomu; Ito, Masayoshi; Ono, Satoko

doi:10.1002/app.20800

Cited by 77 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This was emphasized by examination of all formulations by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which showed no detectable hydrogen bonding or chemical interaction between the fillers and NBR chains (SI Appendix, Fig. S1) (24,25); this strongly suggests that NBR chains interact with silica fillers via relatively weak van der Waals interactions (see SI Appendix for detailed estimation of interaction strength). Fig.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle amount, and not size, determines chain alignment and nonlinear hardening in polymer nanocomposites

Varol

Meng

Hosseinkhani

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Polymer nanocomposites-materials in which a polymer matrix is blended with nanoparticles (or fillers)-strengthen under sufficiently large strains. Such strain hardening is critical to their function, especially for materials that bear large cyclic loads such as car tires or bearing sealants. Although the reinforcement (i.e., the increase in the linear elasticity) by the addition of filler particles is phenomenologically understood, considerably less is known about strain hardening (the nonlinear elasticity). Here, we elucidate the molecular origin of strain hardening using uniaxial tensile loading, microspectroscopy of polymer chain alignment, and theory. The strain-hardening behavior and chain alignment are found to depend on the volume fraction, but not on the size of nanofillers. This contrasts with reinforcement, which depends on both volume fraction and size of nanofillers, potentially allowing linear and nonlinear elasticity of nanocomposites to be tuned independently.nanocomposites | nonlinear elasticity | strain stiffening | polymer bridging | polymer chain alignment M any synthetic and natural materials around us increase their elastic modulus upon large deformation after initial softening-a phenomenon that is known as work or strain hardening, which is critical to their function. In ductile polymer materials, the strain-hardening behavior is essential for their functional lifetime, resilience, and toughness-all key parameters of their practical uses-because these materials repetitively bear large loads (1, 2). Many industrial and consumer polymeric materials are composites, in which (hard) nanoscale inorganic particles, or fillers, are blended with polymer matrices to tailor their mechanical properties. In preparing such nanocomposites, filler−filler and filler−matrix interaction, filler dispersion, and polymer properties all affect the linear (low strain) and nonlinear (high strain) mechanical response in nontrivial ways (3). Although a massive volume of work has attempted to clarify the mechanism of reinforcement (increased linear elasticity) at low strain and of nonlinear strain softening (the Payne and Mullins effects) at medium strain, a comparatively much smaller body of work exists that focuses on the mechanism of strain hardening in polymer composite materials.In analogy to rubber elasticity at large deformations, strain hardening in polymer composites is typically attributed to the increasing resistance to deformation of extended and oriented polymer chains (4-7). However, it has been shown that polymer chain alignment during strain hardening is strongly affected by dispersing fillers within the host polymer matrix (8-10). To account for these observations, one needs to establish the relation between the macroscopically observed strain hardening and the microscopic chain alignment that is affected by the presence of fillers.The connection between chain alignment and strain hardening in glassy polymer composites is purported to occur because the fillers act as "entanglement attractors." In this...

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle amount, and not size, determines chain alignment and nonlinear hardening in polymer nanocomposites

Varol

Meng

Hosseinkhani

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…filler-rubber interaction, 37,38 filler-filler interaction, 39 , and formation of crosslinks in rubber. 10,12 Silicas differ from carbon blacks in many ways.…”

Section: Effect Of the Fillers On The Rubber Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of various efficient vulcanization cure systems on the compression set of a nitrile rubber filled with different fillers

Movahed

Ansarifar

Mirzaie

2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Effect of various efficient vulcanization (EV) sulfur cure systems on the compression set of a nitrile rubber filled with carbon black and silica/silane fillers was examined. The cure systems had different amounts of thiuram and sulfenamide accelerators and elemental sulfur, whilst the loading of zinc oxide and stearic acid activators was kept constant. The fillers had surface areas from 35 to 175 m2/g. In this study, the lowest compression set was measured for the rubber filled with carbon black with 78 m2/g surface area, which was cured with an EV cure system made of a small amount of elemental sulfur and large amounts of the two accelerators. Interestingly, a small change in the amount of elemental sulfur had a bigger effect on the compression set than did large changes in the loading of the accelerators in the cure system. Among the fillers, carbon black caused less compression set of the rubber vulcanizate than the silica/silane system did. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41512.

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“…In fact, the evaluation of morphometric parameters can provide quantitative and direct information on the filler dispersion and on the structure of the aggregates. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Furthermore, as the tensile and viscoelastic behaviour of composite materials is related to filler-filler and fillerelastomer interactions, mechanical and dynamicmechanical properties are generally used to study the rubber reinforcement. [1,[3][4][5]7,[10][11][12][18][19][20][21][22]25,[36][37][38][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]…”

Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Viscoelastic Behaviour of a Silica Filled Styrene/Butadiene Random Copolymer

Conzatti

Costa

Castellano

et al. 2008

Macro Materials & Eng

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An investigation into styrene‐butadiene rubber and styrene‐butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber composites was conducted, aimed at investigating the influence of surface modification of silica on polymer‐filler interactions. Two silanes, bis‐triethoxysilylpropyltetrasulfane and octadecyltriethoxysilane, were used as surface modifiers. A morphological investigation by transmission electron microscopy and automated image analysis provided a quantitative evaluation of the filler distribution in the rubber matrix by using morphometric descriptors, such as projected area, perimeter and area/perimeter ratio. The better dispersion of the surface‐modified silica nicely relates with the improved dynamic‐mechanical and tensile properties and accounts for the higher critical concentration necessary to the formation of the secondary network, thus confirming that the surface modification reduces filler‐filler and enhances polymer‐filler interactions.

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Effects of rubber/filler interactions on the structural development and mechanical properties of NBR/silica composites

Cited by 77 publications

References 31 publications

Nanoparticle amount, and not size, determines chain alignment and nonlinear hardening in polymer nanocomposites

Nanoparticle amount, and not size, determines chain alignment and nonlinear hardening in polymer nanocomposites

Effect of various efficient vulcanization cure systems on the compression set of a nitrile rubber filled with different fillers

Morphology and Viscoelastic Behaviour of a Silica Filled Styrene/Butadiene Random Copolymer

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