Effects of routine education on people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Background: In Ireland, there is limited knowledge about the perceptions or behaviours of people newly diagnosed with diabetes and, due to the lack of a national register, poor knowledge of their demographic profile. Aim: To add to the body of knowledge about diabetes, to obtain perceptions of people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who attend group diabetes education, and to examine their relationships with the adoption of diabetes self-management behaviours. Method: A correlational study was conducted among people attending routine group diabetes education at three diabetes clinics during 2006/7, from which a convenience sample of 168 (38%) participants were recruited. Results: Men newly diagnosed with diabetes were younger, waited less time to attend group diabetes education, had a more positive diabetes attitude and perceived themselves to have more social support than women. Women had better diabetes self-management dietary and medication adherence behaviours prior to attending group diabetes education than the men. Conclusion: People newly diagnosed with diabetes differ in their attitude, perceived support and self-efficacy to adopt dietary and exercise behaviours and have different behaviour change needs at diagnosis. Post-attendance at diabetes education, they adopt behaviours at variable rates and may not sustain the change. The study findings indicate that healthcare professionals should monitor continually the need for behavioural change, in particular physical exercise behaviours in women and dietary and medication adherence in men. They should also continuously assess the maintenance of diabetes self-management behaviours of all people with diabetes, while promoting confidence in achieving desired outcomes.

Effectiveness of self‐management programmes in diabetes management: A systematic review

“…None of the included studies scored the maximum quality score of 9 points. Among the 14 reviewed studies, one (Trief et al, ) had a methodological quality score of 8, one (Wattana, Srisuphan, Pothiban, & Upchurch, ) had a score of 6, four (Atak, ; Hawkins, ; Moriyama et al, ; Wu et al, ) had 5, two (Siminerio, Ruppert, Emerson, Solano, & Piatt, ; Wu, Liang, Lee, Yu, & Kao, ) had 2, and the remaining 6 studies (Clarke, ; Johnson et al, ; Karakurt & Kas¸ıkçı, ; Landim, Zanetti, Santos, Andrade, & Teixeira, ; McEwen et al, ; Ve'g, Rosenqvist, & Sarkadi, ) had a quality score of 1 (Table ).…”

“…A wide range of interventions used in improving self‐management skills among people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes self‐management programmes of reviewed studies had patient education delivered in individual and group sessions (Clarke, ; Karakurt & Kas¸ıkçı, ; Landim et al, ; McEwen et al, ; Siminerio et al, ; Wattana et al, ) on diabetes self‐care (Wu et al, ), pathology, healthy lifestyle habits, medication use and adherence (Johnson et al, ), self‐management behaviour, diet, exercise, complications of weight control, and foot care (Atak, ).…”

“… BMI–Of 14 studies, 2 studies assessed BMI, and both showed significant improvements in BMI at posttest (Clarke, ; Wu et al, ). HbA1c–Nine studies examined changes in HbA1c at 6, 9, 12, and 24 months. Eight studies found varying improvements in HbA1c levels, ranging from 0.7% to 1.7% (Hawkins, ; Johnson et al, ; Karakurt & Kas¸ıkçı, ; Moriyama et al, ; Siminerio et al, ; Trief et al, ; Ve'g et al, ; Wu et al, ). Lipid profile–Four studies assessed lipid values.…”

“…At posttest, quality of life scores were increased significantly (Moriyama et al, ; Wattana et al, ; Wu et al, ). Self‐management–self‐efficacy–Of 14 studies, 7 studies assessed self‐management–self‐efficacy. Results of these studies suggested that self‐care behaviours were improved with the intervention over the assessed periods (Atak, ; Clarke, ; Hawkins, ; Moriyama et al, ; Trief et al, ; Ve'g et al, ; Wu et al, ). Social support–Only 2 studies assessed social support, and 1 study reported that intervention was effective in improving social support in the posttest measurement (Clarke, ; Wu et al, ).…”

Measuring Self-Care in Persons With Type 2 Diabetes

“…In Clarke’s study (Clarke, 2009), the questionnaire was modified to measure self-reported dietary fat intake behavior. Internal consistency reliability was the only form of psychometrics testing, with an acceptable level.…”