Effects of Rock Surface Temperature on Exfoliation, Rock Varnish, and Lichens on a Boulder in the Hunza Valley, Karakoram Mountains, Pakistan

Waragai, Tetsuya

doi:10.2307/1552133

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the field, rock surface temperature data have been widely collected, but with some bias towards very hot and cold terrestrial environments (e.g. McGreevy and Whalley, 1982;Waragai, 1998;Hall and André, 2001;Viles, 2005;Hoerlé, 2006). In the intertidal zone, some attention has been given to the influence of wetting and drying regimes on short-term expansion and contraction of rocks (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rock warming and drying under simulated intertidal conditions, part I: experimental procedures and comparisons with field data

Coombes

2011

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The wetting-drying and warming-cooling behaviours of rock and stone are known to influence the nature and rate of weathering. The way materials warm-up and dry-out also influences their suitability as biological substrata. While rock thermal behaviours have been measured under controlled laboratory conditions, previous experiments have largely been restricted to terrestrial simulations due to practical constraints. Where efforts have been made to simulate intertidal conditions, expansion and contraction of rocks or rates of breakdown (i.e. sediment production and weight loss) have been measured, while detailed observations of thermal and drying behaviours have rarely been made.A simple, semi-automated procedure is described that enabled measurement of surface temperatures and desorption (evaporative water loss) for different material types (rock and concrete) under simulated semidiurnal tide conditions. Some preliminary results are presented illustrating the types of data that were obtained, and comparisons are made with temperature data collected on a rock platform in the UK to assess the ability of the procedure to adequately represent field conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rock warming and drying under simulated intertidal conditions, part I: experimental procedures and comparisons with field data

Coombes

2011

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…In particular, through information on the occurrence of multiple short-term but largemagnitude ∆T/∆t events at the rock surface, they support the thermal hypothesis of granular disintegration and flaking (which was also suggested in high-altitude dry areas such as Karakoram, see Whalley et al, 1984;Waragai, 1998). However, this sophisticated equipment fails to account for cracking operating at a macro-scale (Figs.…”

Section: Fig 4 Contrasted Weathering Patterns In Pale and Dark Sandmentioning

confidence: 59%

Optical Rock Properties and Weathering Processes in Polar Environments (with Special Reference to Antarctica)

André¹,

Hall²,

Comte³

2004

Polar Geography

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As a result of the "freeze-thaw dogma," the polar scientific community has, for a long time, emphasized the importance of physical properties of rocks (porosity, jointing, etc) as a primary control on rock weathering. More recently, due to growing interest in chemically driven processes operating in cold areas, attention has been drawn to the chemical rock properties. Surprisingly, the optical properties of rocks have either been ignored or only alluded to in most rock weathering studies.

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“…Although previous studies have used hourly (e.g. Peel 1974;Waragai 1998Waragai , 1999 or 15-minute intervals (e.g. Ødegård et al 1995) to measure rates of rock temperature change, such recorded data provide no absolute indication of rock stress initiation (Hall and André 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assessment of the effects of rock temperature on weathering is impossible without high precision data. The advance of data logger technology during the last two decades has provided quantitative data to demonstrate local variations in rock surface temperatures from a variety of localities including the French Alps (Coutard and Francou 1989), Swiss Alps (Matsuoka et al 1997) and Karakoram, Pakistan (Waragai 1998(Waragai , 1999. A recent significant advance has been in the use of high-ac-curacy (±0.2°C), rapid-response (30 s) thermistors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rock‐surface temperatures of basalt in the drakensberg alpine environment, lesotho

Grab

2007

Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography

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Grab, S., 2007: Rock-surface temperatures of basalt in the Drakensberg alpine environment, Lesotho. Geogr. Ann., 89 A (3): 185-193.ABSTRACT. Rock temperature data are presented for a variety of topographic localities at a high Drakensberg site. The objective is to investigate the spatio-temporal variations of surface rock temperatures in high Drakensberg basalt. The temperature results are then used to discuss possible implications for thermal stress fatigue and frost-induced weathering. Tinytalk TM data loggers and probes were used for rock-surface temperature recording. Long-term measurements were recorded over 12 months from May 2002 to April 2003, at a 1-hour logging interval and rock depth of 1 cm for a highaltitude (3300 m a.s.l.) interfluve and fracture site. Whilst the north-facing rock surface experiences negligible hours below -3°C, the south-facing rock surface and interfluve sites are subjected to considerable periods below -3°C, which falls within the 'frost cracking window'. It is concluded that the substantial contrasts of recorded rock thermal parameters over small spatial scales between various topographic settings, highlight that site-specific measurements across the broader scale are required for an adequate evaluation of regional weathering and its associated landform development.

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Effects of Rock Surface Temperature on Exfoliation, Rock Varnish, and Lichens on a Boulder in the Hunza Valley, Karakoram Mountains, Pakistan

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Rock warming and drying under simulated intertidal conditions, part I: experimental procedures and comparisons with field data

Rock warming and drying under simulated intertidal conditions, part I: experimental procedures and comparisons with field data

Optical Rock Properties and Weathering Processes in Polar Environments (with Special Reference to Antarctica)

Rock‐surface temperatures of basalt in the drakensberg alpine environment, lesotho

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