Effects of roasting on the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of Korean soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivars

Comparison of nutritional components (isoflavone, protein, oil, and fatty acid) and antioxidant properties at the growth stage of different parts of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

“…However, in this study, we observed isoflavone contents in the order of daidzein, genistein, and glycitein. This phenomenon could be attributed to the fact that isoflavone concentration and distribution in soybean might be altered by several factors, including cultivars, growth conditions (year, temperature, and soil), and environmental stress (2,4,7,11,25). Overall, isoflavones in soybean seeds during the R7 and R8 growth stages were elevated by ~2.5 and 2.0 times, respectively, compared with those at the R6 stage.…”

“…In particular, the R6-R8 stages are known as the growth periods of soybean seeds, i.e., beginning full seed (R6), beginning maturity (R7), and full maturity (R8) (6)(7)(8). Regarding the nutritional composition of soybean, interest in isoflavones has grown tremendously on account of their various biological properties (9)(10)(11). Soybean isoflavones play leading roles in preventing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, menopausal symptoms, and cancer (8)(9)(10).…”

“…They also possess potential beneficial effects owing to their antioxidative, antibacterial, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic activities (2,9). In general, soybean isoflavones can be divided into four groups: aglycone (daidzein, glycitein, and genistein), glucoside, glucoside malonate, and glucoside acetylate (2,11). Among them, isoflavone aglycones are known to have higher bioavailability against coronary heart disease and cancer than glucosides because of their faster absorption in the human body (12,13).…”

“…Numerous methods with distinctive mechanisms can be used to evaluate antioxidant capacity. In particular, radical-scavenging methods have been extensively used to screen antioxidants from crops, fruits, vegetables, and natural plants owing to their good reproducibility and easy quality control (8,11,(19)(20)(21). Based on the above background, previous studies have evaluated the variations in phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacities at different growth stages of natural materials (4,22).…”

“…It is necessary to use at least two methods depending on the potential abilities of samples (2,4,20). Many researchers have focused on the DPPH and ABTS assays because of their reproducibility and simple quality control to screen antioxidants based on their preventative and therapeutic properties (2,4,11,20). Thus, we investigated the radical scavenging capacities of soybean seeds with stable references of DPPH and ABTS.…”