Effects of roadway and pond construction on sediment yield near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

Reed, Lloyd A.

doi:10.3133/ofr71234

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…They increased to 15 mg/L from August 1, 1970, to February 28, 1971, because of the construction of a 5-acre (2-ha) farm pond and a one-lane roadway. The effect of this pond construction is not shown in table 5; however, it was discussed in detail in earlier reports (Reed, 1971(Reed, , 1976. The concentration decreased to 5 mg/ L from March 1,1971, to October 31,1972, the start of highway construction.…”

Section: Daily-mean Suspended-sediment Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The cumulative turbidity load discharged by the stream draining basin 2 was 680 NTU for the 5-year period. The largest monthly turbidity load (Reed, 1971(Reed, , 1976. If the effects of the hurricane and the pond-roadway construction are removed, the turbidity load from basin 2 averaged 40 NTU per year, or 3 NTU per month during the period before construction of Interstate 81 began.…”

Section: Turbidity Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of sediment-control techniques used during highway construction in central Pennsylvania

Reed¹

1977

Open-File Report

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A different method for controlling erosion and sediment transport during highway construction was used in each of four adjacent drainage basins in central Pennsylvania. The basins ranged in size from 240 to 490 acres (97 to 198 hectares), and the area disturbed by highway construction in each basin ranged from 20 to 48 acres (8 to 19 hectares). Sediment discharge was measured from each basin for 3 years before construction began and for 2 years during construction. In one of the basins affected by the construction, three offstream ponds were constructed to intercept runoff from the construction area before it reached the stream. In another basin, a large onstream pond was constructed to trap runoff from the construction area after it reached the stream. In a third area, seeding, mulching, and rock dams were used to limit erosion. In the fourth area, no sediment controls were used. The effectiveness of the various sediment-control measures were determined by comparing the sediment loads transported from the basins with sediment controls to those without controls. For most storms the offstream ponds trapped about 60 percent of the sediment that reached them. The large onstream pond had a trap efficiency of about 80 percent, however, it remained turbid and kept the stream flow turbid for long periods following storm periods. Samples of runoff water from the construction area were collected above and below rock dams to determine the reduction in sediment as the flow passed through the device. Rock dams in streams had a trap efficiency of about 5 percent. Seeding and mulching may reduce sediment discharge by 20 percent during construction, and straw bales placed to trap runoff water may reduce sediment loads downstream by 5 percent.

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Section: Daily-mean Suspended-sediment Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Turbidity Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of sediment-control techniques used during highway construction in central Pennsylvania

Reed¹

1977

Open-File Report

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“…They occurred during April and July 1970 and February 1971 and were 29,23, and 40 NTU, respectively. The high values for July 1970 and February 1971 were partially the result of the construction of a 5-acre (2 ha) farm pond and a single lane roadway discussed in earlier reports(Reed, 1971(Reed, , 1976. If the effects of the hurricane and the pond-roadway construction are removed, the turbidity load from basin 2 averaged 40 NTU per year, or 3 NTU per month during the period before construction of Interstate 81 began.During the 23-month period(November 1, 1972, to September 30, 1974) of construction of Interstate 81 the turbidity load discharged by the stream…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Effectiveness of sediment-control techniques used during highway construction in central Pennsylvania

1978

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A different method for controlling erosion and sediment transport during highway construction was used in each of four adjacent drainage basins in central Pennsylvania. The basins ranged in size from 240 to 490 acres (97 to 198 hectares), and the area disturbed by highway construction in each basin ranged from 20 to 48 acres (8 to 19 hectares). Sediment discharge was measured from each basin for 3 years before construction began and for 2 years during construction. In one of the basins affected by the construction, three offstream ponds were constructed to intercept runoff from the construction area before it reached the stream. In another basin, a large onstream pond was constructed to trap runoff from the construction area after it reached the stream. In a third area, seeding, mulching, and rock dams were used to limit erosion. In the fourth area, no sediment controls were used.The effectiveness of the various sediment-control measures were determined by comparing the sediment loads transported from the basins with sediment controls to those without controls. For most storms the offstream ponds trapped about 60 percent of the sediment that reached them. The large onstream pond had a trap efficiency of about 80 percent, however, it remained turbid and kept the stream flow turbid for long periods following storm periods. Samples of runoff water from the construction area were collected above and below rock dams to determine the reduction in sediment as the flow passed through the device. Rock dams in streams had a trap efficiency of about 5 percent. Seeding and mulching may reduce sediment discharge by 20 percent during construction, and straw bales placed to trap runoff water may reduce sediment loads downstream by 5 percent.

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“…The CO 2 corrosion of carbon steel and the protectiveness of its corrosion product (siderite) have been extensively investigated in mostly diluted NaCl solutions [1 8]. Only few studies have focused on the effect of Ca 2+ ions, despite them being present in brines from many geological formations [9,10]. Ca 2+ can react with CO 2 and precipitate as calcite (CaCO 3 ), when the solubility limit of CaCO 3 is exceeded [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A flow loop study on the effect of Ca²⁺ ions on the CO₂ corrosion of 1Cr carbon steel in a CaCO₃-saturated solution

Rizzo

Palencsár

Ambat

2021

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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This paper investigates the effect of calcium on the CO 2 corrosion behaviour of 1Cr carbon steel under the effect of flow. The experiments were performed in a flow loop system in 1 wt-% NaCl solution at 80°C, pH = 6.34 with initial S CaCO3 = 2 and pCO 2 = 0.53 bar. The flow velocity was kept at 3 m s −1 and the system was pressurised to 3 bar. The corrosion process was monitored with linear polarisation resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Phase analysis of the corrosion products was obtained using X-ray powder diffraction and surface morphology was characterised with scanning electron microscopy. Results show that the flow delayed the precipitation of substitutional solid solution of Fe 0.31 Ca 0.69 CO 3 , deferring the pseudo-passivation stage. The flow did not cause Mesa attack or localised corrosion. The protectiveness of this film was not affected by the presence of calcium and was comparable to the one of pure FeCO 3 .

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Effects of roadway and pond construction on sediment yield near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

Cited by 3 publications

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Effectiveness of sediment-control techniques used during highway construction in central Pennsylvania

Effectiveness of sediment-control techniques used during highway construction in central Pennsylvania

Effectiveness of sediment-control techniques used during highway construction in central Pennsylvania

A flow loop study on the effect of Ca²⁺ ions on the CO₂ corrosion of 1Cr carbon steel in a CaCO₃-saturated solution

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Effects of roadway and pond construction on sediment yield near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Effectiveness of sediment-control techniques used during highway construction in central Pennsylvania

Effectiveness of sediment-control techniques used during highway construction in central Pennsylvania

Effectiveness of sediment-control techniques used during highway construction in central Pennsylvania

A flow loop study on the effect of Ca2+ ions on the CO2 corrosion of 1Cr carbon steel in a CaCO3-saturated solution

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A flow loop study on the effect of Ca²⁺ ions on the CO₂ corrosion of 1Cr carbon steel in a CaCO₃-saturated solution