Effects of Risk-Based Firearm Seizure Laws in Connecticut and Indiana on Suicide Rates, 1981–2015

Kivisto, Aaron J.; Phalen, Peter

doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201700250

Cited by 105 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These programs enable law enforcement, health professionals, and families to intervene when individuals are dangerous to themselves or others. ERPOs or GVROs were associated with 7.5% reduction of firearm suicide rate in Indiana, and a 14% reduction in Connecticut [125].…”

Section: Identifying the Most Effective Firearm Safety Measuresmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Increased presence of gun shops is associated with higher suicide rates, underscoring the need for more lethal means safety programs of this nature [48]. These are all very positive steps in the right direction with demonstrated efficacy in reducing suicide deaths [114,125,130], and thus the importance of these measures for improving public health cannot be overstated.…”

Section: Identifying the Most Effective Firearm Safety Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rising US Suicides: Achieving Health Equity

Perry¹,

Allison²,

Bastiampillai³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Evidence suggests that increased availability of mental health treatment has not significantly reduced depression prevalence and suicide in the US, and that significant personal (i.e., stigma) or practical/logistical barriers to effective mental health care remain. Mental health treatment has increased in the US since the early 1990s with greater use of antidepressant medications, especially SSRIs, however suicide rates continue to climb, with significant gender, ethnic, geographic, socioeconomic, and other health disparities. Depression rates are at best stable, but are increasing in certain subpopulations such as youths ages 12-17. Combating these distressing trends to achieve health equity will require more attention to promising and evidence-based, sustainable, proactive, practical solutions that address the varied causes, demographics, and differential risk factors and mechanisms of suicide deaths. Herein we explore sociodemographic disparities that exist in suicide deaths, with emphasis on two of the largest modifiable targets for suicide prevention: untreated or undertreated depression, and access to the lethal means (firearms) that cause more suicide deaths than all other means combined, and thus pose the greatest threat to individual and public health. Furthermore, we newly define increased or unsafe (i.e. disparate) access to firearms as a suicide health disparity that promotes health inequities. To achieve the greatest results in suicide prevention across all groups, we need 1) more emphasis on policies and universal programs shown to reduce suicidal behaviors, and 2) enhanced focus on the two largest modifiable targets for suicide prevention: depression and firearms.

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Section: Identifying the Most Effective Firearm Safety Measuresmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Identifying the Most Effective Firearm Safety Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rising US Suicides: Achieving Health Equity

Perry¹,

Allison²,

Bastiampillai³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Results to date on the effectiveness of the related risk warrant policies have been encouraging (Kivisto & Phalen, ; Swanson et al., ). Swanson and colleagues studying the effects of Connecticut's law (Swanson et al., ) estimated that one suicide is prevented for every 10 to 20 orders served—a high level of effectiveness for such an outcome.…”

Section: Gun Violence Restraining Ordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying high‐risk firearm owners to prevent mass violence

Laqueur

Wintemute

2019

Criminology & Public Policy

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Research Summary: In this article, we detail recent efforts in California to identify and target high-risk firearm owners to help prevent firearm violence, including mass shootings.We begin by describing gun violence restraining orders, also known as extreme risk protection orders, which provide a judicial mechanism for firearm recovery and a timelimited prohibition on firearm purchases. Next, we discuss California's Armed and Prohibited Persons (APPS) database and enforcement system. APPS is used to identify newly prohibited persons among legal firearm owners and to help law enforcement recover those firearms. Finally, we highlight early research in which machine learning for rare event detection is employed to forecast individual risk using California's decades worth of firearm transaction records and other readily available administrative data.Policy Implications: The approaches described range in scale, scope, and strategy, but all three allow for targeted intervention at times of heightened risk. In so doing, they offer the potential to provide outsized benefits to efforts to prevent mass violence. K E Y W O R D SCalifornia firearm policy, extreme risk protection orders, public mass shootings, risk prediction

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“…''Red flag'' laws allow families to petition the court to temporarily confiscate the weapons of someone demonstrating dangerous behavior. Studies have demonstrated their effectiveness in reducing firearm suicides (Kivisto and Phalen, 2018). We often learn, after the fact, that the people closest to the perpetrator had important information about concerning behaviors that they did not share with authorities.…”

Section: Direct Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Capital Gazette Shooter: Injustice Collector

Sarteschi

2019

Violence and Gender

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In June of 2018, the Capital Gazette shooter targeted and killed five people in a Maryland newsroom. The characteristics of the killings were suggestive of his being an injustice collector, a term coined by retired Federal Bureau of Investigation profiler Mary Ellen O'Toole. Injustice collectors are persons who are preoccupied with perceived wrongs committed against them. Although conclusive evidence has yet to be put forward, it appears the shooter had a long-standing grudge against certain staff members of the paper. This editorial highlights why he appears to meet the criteria of an injustice collector.

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Effects of Risk-Based Firearm Seizure Laws in Connecticut and Indiana on Suicide Rates, 1981–2015

Abstract: Risk-based firearm seizure laws were associated with reduced population-level firearm suicide rates, and evidence for a replacement effect was mixed.

Cited by 105 publications

References 25 publications

Rising US Suicides: Achieving Health Equity

Rising US Suicides: Achieving Health Equity

Identifying high‐risk firearm owners to prevent mass violence

The Capital Gazette Shooter: Injustice Collector

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