Effects of ricin extracted from seeds of the castor bean (ricinuscommunis) on cytotoxicity and tumorigenesis of melanoma cells

Abstract

Abstract-Ricin has been reported as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of various cancers due to its potency. In this study, we succeeded in isolating and purifying total ricin from seeds of the castor bean (ricinus communis) from Vietnam. We also revealed that total ricin showed strong cytotoxicity against melanoma cells; IC50 at 48h was 34.1 ng/mL for SKMEL28 cells and 5.2 ng/mL for HaCaT cells. We examined the ability of total ricin to inhibit tumorigenesis of SKMEL28 cells in vitro. At low concentrations (< 3ng/mL)total ricin did not cause death of HaCaT or SKMEL28 cells but strongly reduced the size of SKMEL28 tumor colonies formed in soft agar. The effect of ricin on tumorigenesis was also confirmed by apoptotic and immunoblot analyses. Our results showed that treatment with total ricin (3 ng/mL) resulted in decreased ERK and p-ERK expression in SKME28 cells but did not affect expression levels of thosegenes in HaCaT cells. We showed that, although ricin at 1 and 3 ng/mLdid not induce apoptosis of HaCaT cells, it significantly increased apoptosis of SKMEL28 up to 1.4 folds and 2.1 folds, respectively. The results from our study suggest that although ricin is listed as one of the most poisonous substances in nature, it has potential to be used as a drug for melanoma treatment.

Determination and Purification of Ricin Protein from Ricinus communis L. Seeds using CLC (Column Liquid Chramotagoraphy) and FPLC (Fast Protein Liquid Chramatography)

“…Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was used as a positive control in quantifying purified ricin protein using the Bradford method because it is inexpensive, readily available, and exhibits the best linearity. 9 The protein content of purified ricin obtained from FPLC and CLC showed in Table 1.…”

“…It also has been prevalent in the use of protein assays since the Bradford Protein Assay was first introduced in 1976. 9 Using linear regression, a mathematical equation for the protein standard solution obtained from the standard absorbance value will be obtained, which will be used to measure the protein content (Figure -4).…”

INTERAKSI MOLEKULAR DARI RICIN-A DENGAN Beclin-1, LC3, DAN p62 PADA PROSES AUTOFAGI

“…6 R. communis telah dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antiproliferasi terhadap sel kanker SKMEL28 34,1 mg/mL 7 , dan HaCaT 5,2 mg/mL. 8 RIP mampu menginduksi kematian sel dengan jalur apoptosis. 9 Ricin terlibat dalam inisiasi apoptosis melalui jalur intrinsik atau mitokondria, dimana caspase-9 sebagai inisiator dan caspase-3 sebagai eksekutor.…”

An Electrochemical Approach to Follow and Evaluate the Kinetic Catalysis of Ricin on hsDNA

“…Ricin was prepared as described by Ngo et al [20]. Briefly, ground castor bean seeds were delipidated with concentrated hexane:acetone solution (1:1).…”

“…Using this purification procedure, the total activity decreased as the purification process took place, as expected, while the specific activity was increased by one hundred and fourteen times up to 0.28 µM min −1 µg −1 (Table S1). The cytotoxic effect of the purified ricin on HEP2 cells revealed an IC 50 value around 41.2 ng/mL, thus suggesting that the samples could affect the viability of the cells in a dose-dependent manner (Figure S1B, Supplementary Material) [20,27].…”