Effects of Rice Husk Derived Amorphous Silica on the Thermal-Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Composites

Halim, Zulhelmi Alif Abdul; Yajid, Muhamad Azizi Mat; Idris, Mohd Hasbullah; Hamdan, Halimaton

doi:10.1080/00222348.2018.1476440

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The existence of hydroxyl groups in the UPR network has been reported in the literature. [37][38][39] However, it is crucial to investigate the effect of catalyst and alcohol on the efficacy of the transesterification exchange reaction to enable applying the process to a wide range of polyester thermosets with different formulations and degrees of crosslinking. By adding the catalyst and alcohol, the peaks related to carboxylate-zinc vibrations appear in the spectrum (1560−1520 cm −1 ) and intensity of the peaks corresponding to hydroxyl groups a) The sample V-3 is prepared with the same amount of catalyst as sample V-1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitrimerization of Crosslinked Unsaturated Polyester Resins: A Mechanochemical Approach to Recycle and Reprocess Thermosets

et al. 2022

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Unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) are expansively used in different applications and recycling the significant amounts of UPR waste is still a universal problem. Vitrimerization is a feasible, environmental‐friendly, cost effective, and operative method, which can be used for recycling the crosslinked UPRs. In this method, the thermoset permanent network is changed into a dynamic network similar to the vitrimer‐type polymers. The results show that the existence of a transesterification catalyst in the system significantly enhances the efficiency of vitrimerization. The vitrimerized UPR thermosets can be reprocessed three times with mechanical properties comparable to the initial UPR. The results show that the excess of external hydroxyl groups in the system can prevent the formation of zinc ligand complexes in the network and consequently reduce the crosslinked density and mechanical properties of vitrimerized samples. The vitrimerized thermoset powder can be reprocessed through injection molding, extrusion, and compression molding which are conventional thermoplastic processing techniques. The unrecyclable UPR thermoset wastes can be recycled and reused through vitrimerization with the least loss in mechanical properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitrimerization of Crosslinked Unsaturated Polyester Resins: A Mechanochemical Approach to Recycle and Reprocess Thermosets

et al. 2022

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“…The peak at 1235–1250 cm −1 corresponds to C-O-C (ester) interaction, and the peak at 735–750 cm −1 corresponds to C-H aromatic interaction. 88 Additionally, peaks at 1030–1050 cm −1 and 800–820 cm −1 indicate Si-O interaction, 89 suggesting that diatomite has interactions with both polyester and modified safflower oil. Further investigations into these interactions could provide a better understanding of the properties and potential applications of the biocomposite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of safflower oil-based polyester biocomposite reinforced with diatomite: An response surface methodology approach and assessment of artificial neural network findings

Dağ

2023

Polymers from Renewable Resources

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In this investigation, the examination revolves around the characterization of diatomite-enhanced modified safflower oil (MSO)-derived polyester biocomposites. The primary objective is to explore the feasibility of these biocomposites as a substitute for petrochemical-based unsaturated polyester (UP) materials, with the overarching goal of enhancing their economic sustainability. Experimental data analysis employed Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), uncovering the optimal composition for the polyester biocomposite to be 6.7 wt.% MSO and 4.5 wt.% diatomite. During the RSM analysis, it was noted that the response parameters exhibited quadratic p-values, specifically, for density ( p < .0001), thermal conductivity ( p < .0001), and Shore D hardness ( p < .0003). However, higher ratios of MSO lead to decreased hardness and increased curing time. SEM images reveal a detrimental impact on the surface morphology of the polyester biocomposite when the diatomite content reaches 8 wt.%. Additionally, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) offer valuable insights into the chemical bond structure and thermal behavior of the biocomposite, respectively. The Cure Index (CI) value for the diatomite-enhanced composite was determined to be 0.925, indicating a favorable contribution to the polyester curing process. The study finds that diatomite contributes to a linear change in the thermal conductivity coefficient, making the biocomposite suitable for use in the insulation industry. Overall, the study suggests that diatomite reinforced MSO-based polyester biocomposites have the potential as an alternative to petrochemical unsaturated polyester.

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“…Surface functionalization with different silanes induces hydrophobicity and helps to minimize the surface tension and prevent cracking of the nal product. [16][17][18][19][20][21] Sodium silicate extracted from biomaterials such as rice husk, [25][26][27][28][29] rice husk ash, [30][31][32] wheat husk ash, 33 bamboo leaves, 34 bagasse ash, 35 y ash, 36 and y ash acid sludge 37,38 have also been used for the synthesis of aerogels. In these cases, silica is extracted from the precursors as sodium silicate by boiling in NaOH solution.…”

Section: Silica Aerogels From Sodium Silicatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was suggested that the complex open pores of SA restricted the heat diffusion and heat transfer through the UP matrix. 27 Kow et al extracted silica from bamboo leaves and used it for the preparation of sodium silicate, and subsequently the synthesis of aerogels. The activated carbon obtained from the same source was used to opacify the aerogel and reduce the thermal conductivity.…”

Section: Aerogels For Insulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium silicate-derived aerogels: effect of processing parameters on their applications

2021

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Effects of Rice Husk Derived Amorphous Silica on the Thermal-Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Composites

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Vitrimerization of Crosslinked Unsaturated Polyester Resins: A Mechanochemical Approach to Recycle and Reprocess Thermosets

Vitrimerization of Crosslinked Unsaturated Polyester Resins: A Mechanochemical Approach to Recycle and Reprocess Thermosets

Optimization of safflower oil-based polyester biocomposite reinforced with diatomite: An response surface methodology approach and assessment of artificial neural network findings

Sodium silicate-derived aerogels: effect of processing parameters on their applications

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