Effects of retinoids on immune responses in birds

Friedman, Aharon; Sklan, D.

doi:10.1079/wps19970016

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated a reduced T-cell-mediated immune response in cases of protein malnutrition (Gershwin et al, 1985;Lochmiller et al, 1993). However, dietary deficiencies of other kinds of nutrients, such as amino acids (methionine) and vitamins (e.g., antioxidants), have also been shown to affect the optimal development of the immune system and reduce immune function (Chew, 1996;Friedman and Sklan, 1997;Haq et al, 1996;McWhinney et al, 1989;Tsiagbe et al, 1987). We found that a food supplement of high-calorie paste, enriched with essential micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals, resulted in significantly higher T-cell-mediated immune responses and a tendency to an increased condition index for food-supplemented nestlings (Figure 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nest size predicts the effect of food supplementation to magpie nestlings on their immunocompetence: an experimental test of nest size indicating parental ability

Neve¹,

Soler²,

Soler³

et al. 2004

Behavioral Ecology

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Post-mating sexually selected signals are expected to indicate parental quality. The good parent model assumes that expression of the sexual character positively reflects parental ability, resulting in a potential link between the exaggeration of the character and nestling-fitness traits. We tested this prediction in a population of a monogamous passerine, the magpie (Pica pica), for which nest size is known to act as a post-mating sexually selected signal. We provided a food supplement to half of the magpie nestlings in each nest, keeping the other half as control nestlings. We found that food-supplemented nestlings experienced a significantly higher T-cell-mediated immune response and a tendency to an increased condition index. In accordance with the good parent model, we found that nest size was positively related to T-cell mediated immune response for control magpie, whereas this relationship was nonexistent in food-supplemented nestlings. In addition, the difference in T-cell mediated immune response between food-supplemented and control nestlings of the same nest was principally explained by nest size. Based on our results, we discuss that magpie pairs with large nests provided their nestlings with higher quality food as compared to pairs with smaller nests, nest size thereby being an indicator of parental ability. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing a link between a post-mating sexually selected signal and nestling immunocompetence, a trait closely related to fitness in birds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nest size predicts the effect of food supplementation to magpie nestlings on their immunocompetence: an experimental test of nest size indicating parental ability

Neve¹,

Soler²,

Soler³

et al. 2004

Behavioral Ecology

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“…Vitamin A addition to the diet can prevent inhibition of growth performance in poultry that may be deficient in this vitamin (Yuan et al 2014). Vitamin A levels required to maximize immunocompetence have been displayed to be much higher than that necessary for the feed efficiency and optimum growth (Friedman & Sklan 1997). Dietary vitamin A at a high level of 12,000 IU/kg feed augmented the antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus of hens under heat stress (Lin et al 2002).…”

Section: Vitamin Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional significance of amino acids, vitamins and minerals as nutraceuticals in poultry production and health – a comprehensive review

Alagawany

Elnesr

Farag

et al. 2020

Veterinary Quarterly

169

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Nutraceuticals have gained immense importance in poultry science recently considering the nutritional and beneficial health effects of their constituents. Besides providing nutritional requirements to birds, nutraceuticals have beneficial pharmacological effects, for example, they help in establishing normal physiological health status, prevent diseases and thereby improve production performance. Nutraceuticals include amino acids, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, etc. which are important for preventing oxidative stress, regulating the immune response and maintaining normal physiological, biochemical and homeostatic mechanisms. Nutraceuticals help in supplying nutrients in balanced amounts for supporting the optimal growth performance in modern poultry flocks, and as a dietary supplement can reduce the use of antibiotics. The application of antibiotic growth enhancers in poultry leads to the propagation of antibiotic-resistant microbes and drug residues; therefore, they have been restricted in many countries. Thus, there is a demand for natural feed additives that lead to the same growth enhancement without affecting the health. Nutraceuticals substances have an essential role in the development of the animals' normal physiological functions and in protecting them against infectious diseases. In this review, the uses of amino acids, vitamins and minerals as well as their mode of action in growth promotion and elevation of immune system are discussed.

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“…Several nutrients are important in the early development of the immune system. Vitamin A is necessary to maximize immuno-competence and for the optimum growth and feed efficiency of poultry (95, 96). Other nutrients which can affect early immune development are linoleic acid, iron, selenium, and some of the B vitamins (97).…”

Section: Effects Of Early Nutrition On the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Nutrition Programming (in ovo and Post-hatch Feeding) as a Strategy to Modulate Gut Health of Poultry

et al. 2019

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Healthy gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is crucial for optimum performance, better feed efficiency, and overall health of poultry. In the past, antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) were commonly used to modulate the gut health of animals. However, considering the public health concern, the use of AGP in animal feeding is banned or regulated in several jurisdictions around the world. This necessitates the need for alternative nutritional strategies to produce healthy poultry. For that, several alternatives to AGP have been attempted with some success. However, effective modulation of the gut health parameters depends on the methods and timing of the compound being available to host animals. Routinely, the alternatives to AGP and other nutrients are provided in feed or water to poultry. However, the GIT of the newly hatched poultry is functionally immature, despite going through significant morphological, cellular, and molecular changes toward the end of incubation. Thus, early growth and development of GIT are of critical importance to enhance nutrients utilization and optimize the growth of poultry. Early nutrition programming using both in ovo and post-hatch feeding has been used as a means to modulate the early growth and development of GIT and found to be an effective strategy but with inconsistent results. This review summarizes the information on in ovo and post-hatch-feeding of different nutrients and feeds additives and their effects on gut development, histomorphology, microbiology, and immunology. Furthermore, this review will provide insight on the future of early nutrition programming as a strategy to enhance gut health, thereby improving overall health and production so that the poultry industry can benefit from this technique.

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Effects of retinoids on immune responses in birds

Cited by 14 publications

References 70 publications

Nest size predicts the effect of food supplementation to magpie nestlings on their immunocompetence: an experimental test of nest size indicating parental ability

Nest size predicts the effect of food supplementation to magpie nestlings on their immunocompetence: an experimental test of nest size indicating parental ability

Nutritional significance of amino acids, vitamins and minerals as nutraceuticals in poultry production and health – a comprehensive review

Early Nutrition Programming (in ovo and Post-hatch Feeding) as a Strategy to Modulate Gut Health of Poultry

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