Effects of Respiratory Disorders on Smoking Cessation and Re-Initiation in an Italian Cohort Study

Abstract

The present study aims to prospectively assess the influence of respiratory disorders on smoking cessation and re-initiation. Three population-based Italian cohorts answered a questionnaire on respiratory health and smoking habits during 1998–2001 and after a mean follow-up (SD) of 9.1 (0.8) years. Out of 1874 current smokers and 1166 ex-smokers at baseline, 965 (51.5%) and 735 (63.0%) reported their smoking status at follow-up. From current smokers, 312 had stopped smoking at follow-up, while 86 ex-smokers had resumed smoking. People reporting asthma at baseline were more likely to stop smoking than the other subjects (48.6% vs. 31.7%), while people reporting allergic rhinitis or chronic cough/phlegm had a higher probability to resume smoking (16.7% vs. 10.5% and 20.7% vs. 10.4%, respectively). In the multivariable logistic model, smoking relapse strongly decreased with increasing abstinence duration in people without chronic cough/phlegm (OR for ≥7.5 years vs. <7.5 years = 0.23, 95% CI 0.20–0.27), while no effect was detected in people with chronic cough/phlegm (p for interaction = 0.039). Smoking cessation was enhanced in asthmatic subjects, while people with allergic rhinitis or chronic cough/phlegm were at higher risk to resume smoking. Chronic cough/phlegm blunted the decrease in smoking resumption associated with longer abstinence duration.

Probability and predictors of long-term smoking relapse among Chinese adult smokers: A longitudinal study

“…As expected and consistent with past research( Chandola et al, 2004 , Nakajima and al'Absi, 2012 , Lynch et al, 2019 , Finocchio et al, 2021 , Saxby et al, 2022 ), alcohol drinking, and cohabitant smoking were substantial obstacles to successful cessation, and mental diseases predicted smoking relapse in women but not in men, while suffering from respiratory diseases reduced the risk of relapse. Intriguingly, we found that the negative correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and relapse was most pronounced in individuals aged ≥65 years.…”