Effects of resistance training with controlled versus self-selected repetition duration on muscle mass and strength in untrained men

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of self-selected repetition duration (SELF), with and without volume load (VL) equalized with controlled repetition duration (CON) on muscle strength and hypertrophy in untrained males. We used a within-subjects design in which 20 volunteers (age: 24.7 ± 2.9 years) had one leg randomly assigned to CON (i.e., 2 s concentric, 2 s eccentric) and the other to SELF or to self-selected repetition duration with equalized volume load (SELF-EV). One repetition maximum (1-RM) and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured at baseline (Pre) and after (Post) resistance training (RT; 2Â/wk for 8 weeks). For the main study variables (1-RM and muscle CSA), a mixed-model analysis was performed, assuming repetition duration (SELF, SELF-EV and CON), and time (Pre and Post) as fixed factors and the subjects as random factor for each dependent variable (1-RM and CSA). All RT protocols showed significant increases in values of 1-RM from Pre (CON: 73.7 ± 17.6 kg; SELF: 75.9 ± 17.7 kg; and SELF-EV: 72.6 ± 16.9 kg) to Post (CON: 83.4 ± 19.9 kg, effect size (ES): 0.47; SELF: 84 ± 19.1 kg, ES: 0.43; and SELF-EV: 83.2 ± 19.9 kg, ES: 0.57, P < 0.0001). Muscle CSA values increased for all protocols from Pre (CON: 12.09 ± 3.14 cm 2 ; SELF: 11.91 ± 3.71 cm 2 ; and SELF-EV: 11.93 ± 2.32 cm 2 ) to Post (CON: 13.03 ± 3.25 cm 2 , ES: 0.29; SELF: 13.2 ± 4.16 cm 2 , ES: 0.32; and SELF-EV: 13.2 ± 2.35 cm 2 , ES: 0.53, P < 0.0001). No significant differences between protocols were found for both 1-RM and CSA (P > 0.05). Performing RT with SELF, regardless of VL, was equally effective in inducing increases in muscle strength and hypertrophy compared to CON in untrained men. Subjects Anatomy and Physiology, KinesiologyHow to cite this article Chaves TS, Pires de Campos Biazon TM, Marcelino Eder dos Santos L, Libardi CA. 2020. Effects of resistance training with controlled versus self-selected repetition duration on muscle mass and strength in untrained men. PeerJ 8:e8697 Schoenfeld BJ, Ogborn DI, Krieger JW. 2015. Effect of repetition duration during resistance training on muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine 45(4):577-585 DOI 10.1007/s40279-015-0304-0.Schoenfeld BJ, Ogborn D, Krieger JW. 2017. Dose-response relationship between weekly resistance training volume and increases in muscle mass: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Prescription and Effects of Strength Training in Individuals with Intellectual Disability—A Systematic Review

“…ST aims to provoke adaptations in the skeletal musculature through overloads, providing an increase in the production of muscle strength and activity of glycolytic enzymes, as well as the production of adenosine triphosphate/phosphocreatine and adaptations in the nervous system, in order to increase the recruitment of motor units [ 24 , 25 ]. During ST, the lower and upper limbs move against a resistance provided by gravity, body weight, dumbbells, straps, weighted bars, or exercise machines [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. This entire process results in cellular micro-lesions, mainly in the eccentric action phase, activating defense systems such as neutrophils, macrophages, and cytokines, which will generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species [ 29 ].…”

Resistance training with different repetition duration to failure: effect on hypertrophy, strength and muscle activation

“…Repetition duration (RD) is an important feature of a resistance training program ( ACSM, 2009 ) influencing the strength gains and hypertrophy (i.e., quadriceps femoris muscles) ( Chaves et al, 2020 ; Tanimoto & Ishii, 2006 ). Nevertheless, the systematic effect of the RD on resistance training is not yet fully understood ( Davies et al, 2017 ; González-Badillo et al, 2014 ).…”

The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series: Resistance Training

“…Resistance training, also known as strength training, is a form of exercise that improves muscular strength and endurance [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. During a resistance training workout, limbs move against resistance provided by your body weight, gravity, bands, weighted bars, or dumbbells.…”

“…Some exercise machines can also be used for resistance training. Any exercise where the body moves against resistance can be considered resistance or strength training [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. The definition of resistance in this form of training is simple as well.…”

“…Resistance is any force that makes the movement harder to perform. Resistance can be provided simply by moving your body against gravity; by adding weighted dumbbells or using machines at the gym; or by using equipment such as weighted bars, bands, or kettlebells [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. This form of training can also be called weight lifting or weight training.…”