Effects of resistance training on impulse above end‐test torque and muscle fatigue

Bassan, Natália de Menezes; Denadai, Benedito Sérgio; Lima, Leonardo Coelho Rabello de; Caritá, Renato Aparecido Corrêa; Abdalla, Leonardo Henrique Perinotto; Greco, Camila Coelho

doi:10.1113/ep087204

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although echo intensity is used as a marker for changes in muscle quality [7][8][9][10][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], studies using changes in echo intensity as a proxy have produced inconsistent results following resistance training (Table 1). Echo intensity has been reported to decrease [7, 20-24, 26, 27, 46], increase [25,27,57], or remain unchanged [8-10, 21, 27, 44-46, 64] following repeated bouts of resistance exercise.…”

Section: Muscle Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given this, there has been an increased use of ultrasound (i.e. brightness mode [B-mode] ultrasonography) in resistance exercise studies to quantify muscle size [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Ultrasound has also been used to quantify echo intensity [11][12][13], which is a variable that can be obtained from the same image used to assess skeletal muscle size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Echo intensity is determined by drawing a region of interest on the ultrasound image without including subcutaneous fat or bone. This region of interest may be a pre-specified sized box [3, 31, 33, 36, 40, 42, 48-51, 53, 54], a box containing as much of the muscle as possible [4,7,8,10,20,23,24,27,35,37,57,58], or free hand tracings between the adipose tissue and bone [9,15]. The majority of studies on echo intensity use a scale between 0 (black) and 255 (white) [4,20,24] or 0 (black) to 256 (white) [29,31,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise induced changes in echo intensity within the muscle: a brief review

et al. 2020

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Echo intensity is the mean pixel intensity of a specific region of interest from an ultrasound image. This variable has been increasingly used in the literature as a physiological marker. Although there has been an increased interest in reporting changes in echo intensity in response to exercise, little consensus exists as to what a change in echo intensity represents physiologically. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the earliest, as well as the most up to date literature regarding the changes in echo intensity in response to exercise. Echo intensity has been used to measure muscle quality, muscle damage, acute swelling, and intramuscular glycogen. The changes in echo intensity, however, are not consistent throughout the literature and often times lead to conclusions that seem contrary to the physiologic effects of exercise. For example, echo intensity increases in conjunction with increases in strength, contrary to what would be expected if echo intensity was a marker of muscle quality/muscle damage. It is conceivable that a change in echo intensity represents a range of physiologic effects at different time points. We recommend that these effects should be determined experimentally in order to rule out what echo intensity might and might not represent. Until this is done, caution should be employed when interpreting changes in echo intensity with acute and chronic exercise.

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Section: Muscle Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise induced changes in echo intensity within the muscle: a brief review

et al. 2020

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“…4,14 More recently, the W of elite track cyclists has been associated with maximal voluntary force, 5 and there is evidence suggesting that strength training can elicit positive improvements in W. [15][16][17] These findings could suggest that indices of neuromuscular function could be positively related to the W, 18,19 but the neuromuscular determinants of the W are not well-understood. Accordingly, we hypothesised that W would be strongly correlated with indices of maximal muscle performance, such as MVT and PPO; therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the association between the W and measures of neuromuscular function relating to the capacity of skeletal muscle to produce force.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Neuromuscular Function and the W′ in Elite Cyclists

Kordi

Simpson

Thomas

et al. 2021

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Purpose: To assess the association between the W′ and measures of neuromuscular function relating to the capacity of skeletal muscle to produce force in a group of elite cyclists. Methods: Twenty-two athletes specializing in a range of disciplines and competing internationally volunteered to participate. Athletes completed assessments of maximum voluntary torque (MVT), voluntary activation, and isometric maximum voluntary contraction to measure rate of torque development (RTD). This was followed by assessment of peak power output (PPO) and 3-, 5-, and 12-minute time trials to determine critical power. Pearson correlation was used to examine associations with critical power and W′. Goodness of fit was calculated, and significant relationships were included in a linear stepwise regression model. Results: Significant positive relationships were evident between W′ and MVT (r = .82), PPO (r = .70), and RTD at 200 milliseconds (r = .59) but not with RTD at 50 milliseconds and voluntary activation. Correlations were also observed between critical power and RTD at 200 milliseconds and MVT (r = .54 and r = .51, respectively) but not with PPO, voluntary activation, or RTD at 50 milliseconds. The regression analysis found that 87% of the variability in W′ (F1,18 = 68.75; P < .001) was explained by 2 variables: MVT (81%) and PPO (6%). Conclusions: It is likely that muscle size and strength, as opposed to neural factors, contribute meaningfully to W′. These data can be used to establish training methods to enhance W′ to improve cycling performance in well-trained athletes.

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“…Changes in echo intensity (EI) have been examined following both acute (Hill & Millan, 2014; Wong, et al, 2019; Yitzchaki, et al, 2019, 2020) and chronic (Jenkins, et al, 2016; Radaelli, et al, 2014; Stock, et al, 2017; Yoshiko, et al, 2017) resistance exercise. EI has been defined as ‘the mean pixel intensity of a specific region of interest’ (Wong, et al, 2020) from a skeletal muscle image, and changes in EI are used to examine exercise‐induced muscle damage (Medeiros, et al, 2017), acute muscle swelling (Yitzchaki, et al, 2019), muscle quality (Menezes et al, 2019), and pre‐ and post‐exercise intramuscular glycogen (Nieman, et al, 2015). Medeiros et al (2017) measured EI at baseline, immediately post (0h), 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h following a rigorous elbow‐flexor muscle damage protocol in 40 untrained young men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%