Effects of resistance training and protein supplementation on bone turnover in young adult women

Abstract

Background: The strength of aging bone depends on the balance between the resorption and formation phases of the remodeling process. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction of two factors with the potential to exert opposing influences on bone turnover, resistance exercise training and high dietary protein intake. It was hypothesized that resistance training by young, healthy, untrained women with protein intakes near recommended levels (0.8 g·kg -1 ·d -1 ) would promote bone formation and/or inhibit bone resorption, and that subsequent supplementation to provide 2.4 g protein·kg -1 ·d -1 would reverse these effects.

Effect of short-term upper-body resistance training on muscular strength, bone metabolic markers, and BMD in premenopausal women

“…In light of the bone metabolic markers, the current results agree with those of Vincent and Braith who observed a significant increase in the ratio of OC to pyridinoline crosslinks after 24 weeks of high-intensity whole-body resistance training in elderly women and men 8. Mullins and Sinning, who studied untrained healthy premenopausal women with a 12-week resistance training program, found no significant change in bone formation biomarker OC but an increase in the bone resorption biomarker crosslink deoxypyridinoline 15. The current results also agree with those of Liang et al, who reported no change in urinary deoxypyridinoline after 26 weeks of lower-body resistance training in young premenopausal women,13 and Hla et al, who reported no change in OC and the bone resorption biomarker amino-terminal telopeptide in healthy postmenopausal women with aerobic exercise 18.…”

“…Previous studies reported equivocal findings with resistance training on bone turnover markers and BMD in untrained premenopausal or postmenopausal women using weight training exercises with a duration of 4 weeks, 12 weeks, or 20–26 weeks 6–8,13,15–17. In light of the bone metabolic markers, the current results agree with those of Vincent and Braith who observed a significant increase in the ratio of OC to pyridinoline crosslinks after 24 weeks of high-intensity whole-body resistance training in elderly women and men 8.…”

Creatine Monohydrate and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Improve Strength and Body Composition Following Resistance Exercise in Older Adults

“…Some have shown improvements in markers of bone turnover within 16 weeks of high intensity weight training [69], while others have observed improvements in bone mineral density and osteocalcin after 6 months of high intensity weight training [70], in older adults. In contrast, others have reported no changes in markers of bone turnover following 12 weeks of resistance training in older women [71]. The lack of consistency in the response of bone to resistance training likely results from a number of different factors including differences in training intensity and duration and subject population factors such as aging.…”

Consumption of Greek yogurt during 12 weeks of high-impact loading exercise increases bone formation in young, adult males – a secondary analysis from a randomized trial

“…To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the short-term (1 week) effect of combined dairy and RT/PLY on bone turnover. This aspect of our study was novel and hypothesis-generating as previous studies have either assessed bone markers <48 h following exercise (Crameri et al 2004;Whipple et al 2004;Rantalainen et al 2009;Falk et al 2016;Kouvelioti et al 2019) or weeks/months following exercise training (Ballard et al 2005;Mullins and Sinning 2005;Josse et al 2010Josse et al , 2012. For CTX, we demonstrated a trend towards a significant interaction within the first week of the intervention indicating that bone resorption was higher in the PP group compared with the GY group.…”