Effects of reproductive status, ovariectomy, and photoperiod on vasoactive intestinal peptide in the female turkey hypothalamus

Mauro, Laura J.; Youngren, Orlan M.; Proudman, J. A.; Phillips, Richard E.; Halawani, Mohamed E. El

doi:10.1016/0016-6480(92)90056-p

Cited by 55 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo; Mauro et al, 1992) and dark-eyed juncos (Saldanha et al, 1994) development of photorefractoriness is associated with high hypothalamic VIP expression. The present study extends these findings, demonstrating that reestablishment of photosensitivity is associated with decreased area of infundibular VIP-containing neurons, but no change in numbers of detectable neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As is the case for LH, the secretion of prolactin is photoinduced (Dawson and Goldsmith, 1983;Mauro et al, 1992;Silverin and Goldsmith, 1997;Sreekumar and Sharp, 1998; for review, see Sharp et al, 1998). Photoinduced high circulating prolactin concentrations are reached during the development of photorefractoriness, when gonads are regressing (Dawson and Goldsmith, 1983;Dawson, 1997;Dawson and Sharp, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pituitary prolactin synthesis and release in birds are regulated primarily by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP; Cloues et al, 1990;Mauro et al, 1992;El Halawani et al, 1995;Youngren et al, 1994). A role for VIP in the reproductive system regression that occurs at the onset of photorefractoriness is suggested by the fact that male European starlings that have been actively immunized against VIP exhibit slower photoinduced regression than control males and do not molt …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photoinduced high circulating prolactin concentrations are reached during the development of photorefractoriness, when gonads are regressing (Dawson and Goldsmith, 1983;Dawson, 1997;Dawson and Sharp, 1998). Prolactin is not thought to control the transition from photosensitivity to photorefractoriness (Nicholls et al, 1988;Juss, 1993;Dawson and Sharp, 1998), but it participates in the rapid collapse of the reproductive system that characterizes photorefractoriness by inhibiting the hypothalamopituitary-gonadal axis at multiple levels (Buntin and Tesch, 1985;Janik and Buntin, 1985; Sharps et al, 1998).Pituitary prolactin synthesis and release in birds are regulated primarily by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP; Cloues et al, 1990;Mauro et al, 1992;El Halawani et al, 1995;Youngren et al, 1994). A role for VIP in the reproductive system regression that occurs at the onset of photorefractoriness is suggested by the fact that male European starlings that have been actively immunized against VIP exhibit slower photoinduced regression than control males and do not molt …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, in castrated male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), 5 weeks of SD exposure are necessary to fully restore LH response to photostimulation (Follett and Pearce-Kelly, 1990). Although juncos exposed to SD for 5 months were photosensitive, complete dissipation of photorefractoriness in this species may require additional time.In turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo; Mauro et al, 1992) and dark-eyed juncos (Saldanha et al, 1994) development of photorefractoriness is associated with high hypothalamic VIP expression. The present study extends these findings, demonstrating that reestablishment of photosensitivity is associated with decreased area of infundibular VIP-containing neurons, but no change in numbers of detectable neurons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Brain Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone- and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide-like Immunoreactivity Accompanying Reestablishment of Photosensitivity in Male Dark-Eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis)

Deviche

Saldanha

Silver

2000

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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In seasonally breeding, photoperiodic birds, the development of photorefractoriness is associated with decreased brain expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like immunoreactivity (GnRH-li ir) and increased expression of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity (VIP-li ir). Dissipation of photorefractoriness and reestablishment of photosensitivity are associated with increased GnRH-li ir brain production, but concurrent changes in VIP-li ir expression have not been investigated. To address this question, we compared the expression of VIP-li ir in the infundibulum (INF) of adult male dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) that were made photorefractory (PR) by prolonged exposure to long days with that of birds that were not photostimulated (PS), but had regained photosensitivity by exposure to short days for 5 (shortterm-PS, ST-PS) or 13 (long-term-PS, LT-PS) consecutive months. Photosensitive males had smaller INF VIP-li ir cell bodies than PR males, but the numbers of INF VIP-li ir cells were independent of photoperiodic condition. Changes in infundibular VIP-li ir were correlated with changes in preoptic area (POA) GnRH-li expression. Specifically, photosensitive males had more and larger POA GnRH-li ir cells and more GnRH-li ir fibers in this region than PR males. Further, LT-PS males had more GnRH-li ir POA fibers and larger testes than ST-PS juncos. Thus, induction of photorefractoriness is associated with increased VIP and decreased GnRH brain expression whereas dissipation of photorefractoriness concurs with decreased VIP and increased GnRH brain expression. These results suggest a physiological role for VIP in the control of changes in GnRH expression as a function of the photosensitive condition. KeywordsGnRH; VIP; reproduction; prolactin; seasonality; photoperiodism; photosensitivity; photorefractoriness; immunocytochemistry; preoptic area; infundibulum Most birds breeding at middle and high latitudes reproduce only during spring and early summer, when environmental conditions are the most favorable to successful raising of (Lack, 1968;Perrins, 1970). In these species and as originally demonstrated experimentally in dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis;Rowan, 1925), photoperiod plays an essential role in the control of seasonal changes of reproductive system activity. Exposing photosensitive birds to daylength longer than approximately 12 h (defined as long days, LD), as is naturally the case during the spring, stimulates the release of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and pituitary-luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; Lewis and Farner, 1973;Wingfield et al., 1980;Dawson and Goldsmith, 1983;Fehrer et al., 1985;Wilson, 1985;Foster et al., 1987;McNaughton et al., 1995;Meddle and Follett, 1997). These hormones in turn induce gonadal development and the secretion of gonadal hormones that control many behavioral changes associated with the breeding period as well as the development of secondary sexual characteristics (Balthazart et al., 1979;...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Brain Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone- and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide-like Immunoreactivity Accompanying Reestablishment of Photosensitivity in Male Dark-Eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis)

Deviche

Saldanha

Silver

2000

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of an avian D2 dopamine receptor mRNA from the domestic turkey (Maleagris gallopavo)

et al. 1999

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The reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), in combination with 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), was used to clone a G protein‐coupled receptor from turkey brain mRNA. This cDNA clone has an open reading frame of 1,311 base pairs encoding a 436‐residue protein with seven transmembrane‐spanning domains and exhibits high homology with previously cloned mammalian D2 dopamine receptors. Northern blot analysis of turkey brain mRNA detected an approximate 2.4‐kb transcript. RT‐PCR and subsequent nucleotide sequence analysis of turkey brain and peripheral tissue mRNA also demonstrated the presence of an alternatively spliced mRNA corresponding to the predicted D2 short isoform. RT‐PCR experiments demonstrated a widespread distribution of alternatively spliced D2 dopamine receptor transcripts throughout the turkey brain and in select peripheral tissues as well. In situ hybridization experiments detected strong autoradiographic signals over much of the turkey telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum, pituitary, and pineal gland. Dopamine has several important functions as a neurotransmitter and hormone in mammals and may have similar actions in avian species. The cloning and tissue distribution of the D2 receptor subtype should enable the investigation of any functional role dopamine and dopamine receptors exert on the physiology and behavior of birds. J. Comp. Neurol. 407:543–554, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Effects of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide on Prolactin Secretion in Three Species of Passerine Birds

Vleck

Patrick

1999

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Effects of reproductive status, ovariectomy, and photoperiod on vasoactive intestinal peptide in the female turkey hypothalamus

Cited by 55 publications

References 35 publications

Changes in Brain Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone- and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide-like Immunoreactivity Accompanying Reestablishment of Photosensitivity in Male Dark-Eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis)

Changes in Brain Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone- and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide-like Immunoreactivity Accompanying Reestablishment of Photosensitivity in Male Dark-Eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis)

Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of an avian D2 dopamine receptor mRNA from the domestic turkey (Maleagris gallopavo)

Effects of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide on Prolactin Secretion in Three Species of Passerine Birds

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