Effects of replacing soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, fermented soybean meal or fish meal with enzyme-treated soybean meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, immunity and intestinal morphology in weaned pigs

Ma, Xiaokang; Shang, Qinghui; Hu, Jie; Liu, Hansuo; Brøkner, C.; Piao, Xiangshu

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2019.04.016

Cited by 41 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…Immunoglobulin A is the major antibody involved in the mucosal immunity, which neutralizes intracellular pathogens by intimate cooperation with an innate nonspecific defense system. In the present research, serum IgA was increased in pigs fed with HT as well as ZnO, which can prevent pathogens from damaging the gut wall, and thereby maintain structural and functional integrity of the small intestine [41]. Furthermore, IgM is another primary antibody produced at the initial stage of antibody response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Effects of Hydrolysable Tannins as Zinc Oxide Substitutes on Antioxidant Status, Immune Function, Intestinal Morphology, and Digestive Enzyme Activities in Weaned Piglets

Liu

Mahfuz

2020

Animals

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) has negative environmental effects and bioavailability in weaned piglets. Thus, finding safe and effective ZnO substitutes to improve intestinal health and to prevent diarrhea of weaned piglets is urgently required. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of hydrolysable tannins (HT), ZnO and HT versus ZnO on growth performance, antioxidant status, serum immunity, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activities in weaned pigs. A total of 144 piglets (28 d-old, initial body weight 7.81 ± 0.99 kg) were assigned to 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 6 piglets each. The experiment lasted 28 d (d 1 to 14 as for phase 1 and d 15 to 28 as for phase 2). The dietary treatments include a corn-soybean meal basal diet (CON); ZnO diet (CON + 2000 mg/kg ZnO in phase 1 and 137.5 mg/kg ZnO in phase 2); HT diet (CON + 1000 mg/kg HT in the overall period (d 1 to 28); HT + ZnO diet (CON + 2000 mg/kg ZnO + 1000 mg/kg HT in phase 1, and 137.5 mg/kg ZnO + 1000 mg/kg HT in phase 2). In phase 1, the incidence of diarrhea was lower (p < 0.05) in the HT + ZnO group than CON. Serum catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were increased (p < 0.01) and malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased (p < 0.01) in the HT + ZnO group than CON. Compared with CON, immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin A (IgA) were increased (p < 0.05) in the HT + ZnO group. In phase 2, both HT and HT + ZnO had a trend to improve (p < 0.10) daily gain. The concentration of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and IgM in serum was higher (p < 0.01) in HT compared with CON. Supplementation of HT improved (p < 0.01) GSH-Px activities in ileum mucosa than the ZnO group. Compared with CON, trypsin, lipase activities, and villus height of jejunum were improved (p < 0.05) in HT and HT + ZnO. The ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum was improved (p < 0.05) in the HT + ZnO group and which also was increased (p < 0.05) in ileum in the HT group compared with CON. Propionic acid, butyric acid, and acetic acid concentrations in the colon were increased (p < 0.05) in the HT group than CON. Overall, HT + ZnO treatments could be used to replace ZnO for reducing diarrhea and improving antioxidant capacity, immunity, and digestive enzyme activities in weaned piglets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Effects of Hydrolysable Tannins as Zinc Oxide Substitutes on Antioxidant Status, Immune Function, Intestinal Morphology, and Digestive Enzyme Activities in Weaned Piglets

Liu

Mahfuz

2020

Animals

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“…Contrary to our results, Zhu et al (1998) and Zhou et al (2011) both reported improved performance by feeding 3.5%, 7%, and 10.5% or 5%, 10%, and 15% ESBM, respectively. Other studies have reported increased ADG and G:F by feeding 9% ESBM and decreasing SBM ( Ma et al, 2019a , 2019b ). These growth improvements are attributed to the increased nutrient digestibility and the reduced concentration of ANF in ESBM ( Zhou et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…We observed no change in MDA concentration in plasma or ileal tissue when feeding ESBM; however, the TAC of plasma linearly increased as the inclusion of ESBM increased and SBM decreased. Feeding ESBM has been shown to reduce MDA concentration and improve TAC in the serum of weaned pigs ( Ma et al, 2019a , 2019b ). It was also reported that ESBM increased serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, indicating that feeding ESBM may alleviate oxidative stress and improve TAC by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity ( Betteridge, 2000 ; Ma et al, 2019a , 2019b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the antigenic proteins in SBM can cause villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia, indicating an increased rate of cell loss on the villi ( Li et al, 1991 ; Pluske et al, 1997 ). Improvements in duodenal morphology after feeding ESBM have been reported, but the changes in ileal morphology have been inconsistent ( Ma et al, 2019a , 2019b ). Though our results showed no impact of ESBM on villus height or V:C in the ileum, there was a tendency for increasing ESBM to reduce crypt depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of enzymatically treated soybean meal on growth performance and intestinal structure, barrier integrity, inflammation, oxidative status, and volatile fatty acid production of nursery pigs

Ruckman

Petry

Gould

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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The objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of diets containing increasing amounts of enzymatically-treated soybean meal (ESBM) but decreasing amounts of soybean meal (SBM) on growth performance, intestinal structure and barrier integrity, inflammation, and oxidative status in weaned pigs. A total of 480 pigs [6.3 ± 1.2 kg body weight (BW)] were blocked by initial BW and pens (n = 12 per treatment) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments. Diets were fed in 3 phases (d 0-14, 14-28, and 28-35) over a 35-d period. The 4 dietary treatments consisted of a negative control diet (NC), the NC with 7.0% ESBM (ESBM1), the NC with 14.0% ESBM (ESBM2), and the NC with 21.0% ESBM (ESBM3). Soybean meal was reduced proportionately in each treatment. In phase 2, ESBM inclusion was decreased by 50% (3.5%, 7.0%, and 10.5% ESBM, respectively); phase 3 was a common diet and contained no ESBM. Fecal score was visually ranked weekly using a 4-point scale. Intestinal tissue, digesta and blood samples were collected from 48 pigs (1 per pen) on d 10. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS (9.4) with pen as the experimental unit; diet and block were considered fixed effects. Linear and quadratic contrasts were used to determine the effect of increasing ESBM. Overall, ESBM2 and ESBM3 decreased final BW, ADG, and ADFI compared to NC and ESBM1 (diet, P & 0.05; linear, P & 0.05). Overall fecal score (diet, P & 0.05) and fecal DM (P & 0.05) were improved by feeding ESBM diets compared to NC. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total VFA in ileal contents increased as ESBM inclusion increased (P & 0.05). Colonic VFA concentration was not impacted (P > 0.10). Total antioxidant capacity was increased by ESBM (P & 0.05). The concentration of mucosal interleukin-4 increased as the inclusion of ESBM increased (linear, P & 0.05). Messenger ribonucleic acid abundance of occludin and zonula-occludens-1 in ileal tissue was increased by ESBM1 or ESBM2 (P & 0.05). In conclusion, increasing the dietary levels of ESBM over 7% had a negative impact on nursery pig performance, but ESBM positively impacted fecal score. Feeding ESBM improved oxidative status and intestinal barrier integrity while increasing ileal VFA production but had minimal impact on intestinal inflammation or morphology. Further research is needed to determine the optimal inclusion level of ESBM.

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“…In pig industry, weaning induces intestinal disturbances and results in continuous impairment of intestinal barrier function, intestinal in ammation, and oxidative damage [1,2]. Weaned piglets are suddenly forced to undergo a transition from a highly digestible milk to less digestible, plant-based solid diets containing complex protein [3], which could result in maldigestion, diarrhea or even death. Therefore, it is of importance to supply high-quality proteins in diets to alleviate weaning stress in piglets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Dietary Protein Sources in Low-Protein Diets Induces Changes in Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites of Weaned Piglets

Zhang

Long

2021

Preprint

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Background: The inclusion of high-quality proteins and the protein restriction are commonly used in swine production. Our study was conducted to evaluate the effects of hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP), fermented soybean meal (FSBM), and enzyme-treated soybean meal (ESBM) in low-protein diets on antioxidant capacity, immunity, fecal microbiota and metabolites of weaned piglets.Methods: A total of 144 weaned piglets were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 6 replications of 8 piglets per pen. The experiment was divided into phase 1 ( days 0-14) and phase 2 (days 15-28). The dietary treatments contained 15.90% HWP, 15.80% FSBM, and 15.10% ESBM in phase 1, and 7.90% HWP, 7.80% FSBM, and 7.50% ESBM in phase 2, respectively.Results: The ADG of piglets in the ESBM group was higher (P < 0.05) than HWP and FSBM during days 1-28. Compared with HWP and FSBM, piglets in ESBM had higher (P < 0.05) serum levels of FRAP and SOD on days 14, as well as higher (P < 0.05) serum FRAP level on days 28. Piglets in ESBM had lower (P < 0.05) serum levels of DAO and IL-1β than HWP on day 28. ESBM significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Oscillospiraceae and Christensenellaceae and decreased the Clostridiaceae abundance in the feces compared with HWP and FSBM. The PICRUSt analysis revealed that the number of gene tags involved in valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation and lysine degradation in ESBM were lower (P < 0.05) than HWP and FSBM. Piglets in ESBM had higher (P < 0.05) fecal butyrate content compared with FSBM, and ESBM tended to decrease (P = 0.076) fecal cadaverine level.Conclusions: Overall, ESBM had advantages over HWP and FSBM in improving antioxidant capacity, immunity, and fecal microbiota and metabolites of weaned piglets.

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Effects of replacing soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, fermented soybean meal or fish meal with enzyme-treated soybean meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, immunity and intestinal morphology in weaned pigs

Cited by 41 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of Hydrolysable Tannins as Zinc Oxide Substitutes on Antioxidant Status, Immune Function, Intestinal Morphology, and Digestive Enzyme Activities in Weaned Piglets

Effects of Hydrolysable Tannins as Zinc Oxide Substitutes on Antioxidant Status, Immune Function, Intestinal Morphology, and Digestive Enzyme Activities in Weaned Piglets

The effects of enzymatically treated soybean meal on growth performance and intestinal structure, barrier integrity, inflammation, oxidative status, and volatile fatty acid production of nursery pigs

Different Dietary Protein Sources in Low-Protein Diets Induces Changes in Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites of Weaned Piglets

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