Effects of repetitive trascranial magnetic stimulation on repetitive facilitation exercises of the hemiplegic hand in chronic stroke patients

Outcomes in spasticity after repetitive transcranial magnetic and transcranial direct current stimulations

“…Theilig et al (2011) showed significant improvement in spasticity measured with Tardieu scale in the upper extremity, whereas Etoh et al (2013) failed to show change in spasticity measured with MAS.…”

“…Two studies compared the effect of 15-daily rTMS at 1 Hz over unaffected hemisphere with sham stimulation in stroke patients (Theilig et al, 2011;Etoh et al, 2013). Theilig et al (2011) showed significant improvement in spasticity measured with Tardieu scale in the upper extremity, whereas Etoh et al (2013) failed to show change in spasticity measured with MAS.…”

“…Most of the studies investigated patients with severe spasticity in subacute or chronic phase which were generally defined as spasticity with Brunstrom stages 3 to 5 and duration from few months to almost 20 years. All studies used low-frequency rTMS (Mally and Dinya, 2008;Kakuda et al, 2010;Kakuda et al, 2011a;Kakuda et al, 2011b;Theilig et al, 2011;Kakuda et al, 2012;Etoh et al, 2013) except the study of Wupuer et al (2013), who applied high-frequency rTMS at 10 Hz over unaffected hemisphere in stroke.…”

Effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on upper extremity motor recovery and functional outcomes in chronic stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial

“…It can be assumed that improvement of cognitive functions might also contribute to the participation of stroke patients to rehabilitation treatments, thereby leading to the further motor and functional improvements of the patients. Etoh et al (2013) investigated the efficacy of multiple sessions of 1-Hz rTMS (short duration for 4 min, 240 pulses) to the contralesional motor cortex on hemiplegic upper limb function in chronic stroke patients. 1-Hz rTMS to the unaffected motor cortex was applied for 4 min before repetitive facilitation exercises for 40 min.…”

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology and psychiatry

“…В PubMed найдено 16 исследований по изучению влияния ТМС на спастичность [46, [128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142]. Среди всех исследований только шесть являются двойными слепыми и имеют группу контроля [128][129][130][131][132][133].…”