Effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation on motor function and GAP43 and 5-HT expression in rats with spinal cord injury

Liu, Hao; Xiong, Deqi; Pang, Rizhao; Deng, Qianni; Sun, Nianyi; Zheng, Jinqi; Liu, Jiancheng; Wu, Xiang; Chen, Zhesi; Wang, Wenchun; Zhang, Anren

doi:10.1177/0300060520970765

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Further, BMSCs exosomes treatment further enhanced the GAP-43 expression, while Shh-knockdown abolished this enhanced effect of BMSCs exosomes for GAP-43, indicating the indispensable role of Shh in the treatment for SCI using exosomes. Consistent with our results, a previous study revealed elevated GAP-43 in the spinal cord after SCI injury, and magnetic stimulation treatment further increased GAP43 level, which is beneficial to motor function recovery after acute SCI [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Repair of spinal cord injury in rats via exosomes from bone mesenchymal stem cells requires sonic hedgehog

Jia

Yang

et al. 2021

Regenerative Therapy

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Objective The loss of neural ability leading to subsequent diminishing of motor function and the impairment below the location of the injury is a result of the SCI (Spinal Cord Injury). Among the many therapeutic agents for SCI, the exosomes considered as extracellular vesicles seem to be the most promising. Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is an exosome-carrying protein. This Study's purpose was to identify whether Shh is required for exosomes from BMSCs (mesenchymal stem cells of the bone) and plays a protective effect on SCI. Methods Spinal cord injection with shRNA Shh-adeno associated virus (sh-Shh-AAV) were used to silence Shh. Exosomes were extracted from BMSCs. Rats that had suffered SCI were given intravenous injections of exosomes through the veins of the tail. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify the expression of Shh glycoprotein molecule as well as the expression of Gli-1 (glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1) in the rat spinal cord tissues. Western blot was performed to measure the levels of growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43). The BBB (Basso Beattie Bresnahan) score was used to assess the motor functions of the hind legs. In the same manner, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling or TUNEL and Nissl Staining was deployed to assess the level of regeneration of neurons and assess the level of histopathological damage in the tissues of the Spinal Cord. Results In the case of the rats with SCI, the levels of display of Gli-1 and Shh showed dramatic improvement after the BMSCs exosome injections. In comparison to rats with SCI, the subjects of BMSCs exosomes group showed an improvement in their SCI, including a higher BBB score and Nissl body count, increasing GAP-43 expression, along with a much-decreased number of cells that suffered apoptosis. While the exosome effect on Spinal Cord Injury was completely ineffective in rats that had Shh silencing. Conclusions Exosomes secreted from BMSCs showed great effectiveness in the SCI healing with a vital involvement of Shh in this repair.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Repair of spinal cord injury in rats via exosomes from bone mesenchymal stem cells requires sonic hedgehog

Jia

Yang

et al. 2021

Regenerative Therapy

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“…GAP-43 is highly expressed during neuronal development and regeneration. It can mediate axon extension [ 31 ]. NF421 is a kind of neurofilament heavy polypeptide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol promotes axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Xiang

Zhang

Yao

et al. 2021

Aging

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Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by autonomic dysreflexia, chronic pain, sensory and motor deficits. Resveratrol has shown potential neuroprotective function in several neurodegenerative diseases’ models. However, if resveratrol could improve the function recovery after SCI and the further mechanism have not been investigated. Methods: SCI rat model was established through laminectomy at lamina T9-10 aseptically. Basso, beattie and bresnahan (BBB) and inclined plane score, sensory recovery, spinal cord content, and inflammatory factors were measured. The levels of GAP43, NF421, GFAP, Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were measured using immunohistochemical staining. Tunel staining was applied to detect apoptosis level. Results: Resveratrol significantly improved the function recovery, promoted axonal regeneration, suppressed apoptosis after SCI. The activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was achieved by resveratrol. XAV939 significantly reversed the influence of resveratrol on function recovery, axonal regeneration, apoptosis after SCI. Conclusions: Resveratrol could promote the function recovery and axonal regeneration, improve histological damage, inhibit apoptosis level after SCI through regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This research expanded the regulatory mechanism of resveratrol in SCI injury.

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“…Xiong recently found that luteolin at a dose of 80 mg/kg protects the filtration function of the basement membrane by upregulating Nphs2 protein expression, which strikingly suppressed the apoptosis, deletion and fusion of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat podocytes in high-glucose conditions. In addition, Xiong proposed that luteolin might inhibit glomerulosclerosis and maintain the relatively normal physiological structure of glomeruli, preventing the rapid DN-induced deterioration of the kidneys [ 74 ]. Zhang investigated the effects of luteolin on appropriated tubular injury in the kidneys of mice to explore the mechanism by which luteolin protects the kidneys in DN.…”

Section: Flavonoids For the Treatment Of Diabetic Nephropathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids on diabetic nephropathy: advances and therapeutic opportunities

Xiaolin

et al. 2021

Chin Med

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With the advances in biomedical technologies, natural products have attracted substantial public attention in the area of drug discovery. Flavonoids are a class of active natural products with a wide range of pharmacological effects that are used for the treatment of several diseases, in particular chronic metabolic diseases. Diabetic nephropathy is a complication of diabetes with a particularly complicated pathological mechanism that affects at least 30% of diabetic patients and represents a great burden on public health. A large number of studies have shown that flavonoids can alleviate diabetic nephropathy. This review systematically summarizes the use of common flavonoids for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. We found that flavonoids play a therapeutic role in diabetic nephropathy mainly by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation. Nrf-2/GSH, ROS production, HO-1, TGF-β1 and AGEs/RAGE are involved in the process of oxidative stress regulation. Quercetin, apigenin, baicalin, luteolin, hesperidin, genistein, proanthocyanidin and eriodictyol were found to be capable of alleviating oxidative stress related to the aforementioned factors. Regarding inflammatory responses, IL-1, IL-6β, TNF-α, SIRT1, NF-κB, and TGF-β1/smad are thought to be essential. Quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, rutin, genistein, proanthocyanidin and eriodictyol were confirmed to influence the above targets. As a result, flavonoids promote podocyte autophagy and inhibit the overactivity of RAAS by suppressing the upstream oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, ultimately alleviating DN. The above results indicate that flavonoids are promising drugs for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. However, due to deficiencies in the effect of flavonoids on metabolic processes and their lack of structural stability in the body, further research is required to address these issues.

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Effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation on motor function and GAP43 and 5-HT expression in rats with spinal cord injury

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Repair of spinal cord injury in rats via exosomes from bone mesenchymal stem cells requires sonic hedgehog

Repair of spinal cord injury in rats via exosomes from bone mesenchymal stem cells requires sonic hedgehog

Resveratrol promotes axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Flavonoids on diabetic nephropathy: advances and therapeutic opportunities

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