Effects of repeated lipopolysaccharide treatment on growth performance, immune organ index, and blood parameters of Sprague-Dawley rats

Zhong, You-Bao; Zhang, Xianlai; Hu, Xiaofen; Li, Yong

doi:10.2478/jvetres-2018-0048

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The present study focuses on elucidating promising protective roles of 6G against LPS-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, cognitive deficiency, and amyloidogenesis in rats. Treatment with LPS triggered a significant decrease in bw which is associated with toxic effect of the chemical, concordant with previous studies (Piirsalu et al, 2020;Zhong et al, 2018); however, the weight was significantly increased in the rats following the administration of 20 and 50 mg/kg bw 6G, and the restoration of body fitness by 6G at 20 and 50 mg/kg bw was associated with the health benefit of 6G during LPS administration. This finding is similar with our previous study (Ajayi et al, 2015), where we demonstrated that 6G improved the body weight of mice exposed to dextran sulfate sodium.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

6‐Gingerol, an active constituent of ginger, attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced oxidation, inflammation, cognitive deficits, neuroplasticity, and amyloidogenesis in rat

Adetuyi

Farombi

2021

J. Food Biochem.

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This study examined the protective effect of 6-Gingerol (6G) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairments, oxidative stress, neuroplasticity, amyloidogenesis, and inflammation. Male rats were allocated into six groups in this manner; Group I placed on normal saline only. Group II was treated for 7 days with LPS alone intraperitoneally at 250 µg/kg body weight (bw). Group III received 6G alone at 50 mg/kg bw orally for 14 days. Groups IV and V received 6G at 20 and 50 mg/kg bw for 7 days, respectively, and LPS for another 7 days to induce neurotoxicity. Group VI received 5 mg/kg bw of donepezil for 7 days and LPS for 7 days. Pretreatment with 20 and 50 mg/kg bw of 6G protected against LPS-mediated learning and memory function, and also locomotor and motor deficits. Besides, 20 and 50 mg/kg bw 6G mitigated LPS-induced alteration in markers of oxidative stress. Furthermore, induction of amyloidogenesis associated with disruption of histoarchitecture and high expression of interleukin 1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, amyloid precursor protein (APP), β-secretase 1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor by LPS was mitigated by the two doses of 6G in the rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex region of the brain. 6G pretreatment at the two doses mitigated LPS-mediated histopathological changes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats. Overall, our results demonstrate that the protective effect of 6G is mediated through the reversal of neurobehavioral deficit, oxidative stress, inflammation, and amyloidogenesis, thus making 6G a possible chemoprophylactic agent against brain injury as a result of LPS exposure. Practical applicationsIn the search for a holistic prevention of inflammation-associated neurodegeneration, nutraceuticals are becoming prominent. Hence, this study presents 6G, an active constituent of ginger, as a chemoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent, which is able to ameliorate cognitive impairments, oxidative stress, neuroplasticity, amyloidogenesis, and inflammation in LPS-induced rat model of neuroinflammation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

6‐Gingerol, an active constituent of ginger, attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced oxidation, inflammation, cognitive deficits, neuroplasticity, and amyloidogenesis in rat

Adetuyi

Farombi

2021

J. Food Biochem.

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“…Previous studies also noted that LPS immune challenge caused growth reduction by depression in feed intake [14,20] which is inconsistent with the present study findings. The failure to observe the significant immune stimulation response as well as reduced growth performance in the present study may probably due to a single-dose LPS challenge since some studies noted that immune stimulation is activated by multiple low-dose LPS treatment Upadhaya et al [21] & Zhong et al [18] or it may be due to the route of LPS injection administration, presence of protein impurities in LPS preparation or variation in serotypes used in different studies [22,23]. Although E.coli LPS O111:B4 is the most frequently used in porcine research Williams et al [24]; however, the presence of protein impurities in those LPS preparations may affect the immune stimulation responses [25,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…In contrast to the present finding, elevation in body temperature following the intraperitoneal administration of 100 µg/kg BW LPS in weaned pigs has been reported Wright et al [ 14 ] & Johnson & Bore [ 12 ]. In addition, increased plasma TNF-α concentration increased WBC counts and reduction in lymphocyte percentage has been reported with LPS challenge [ 17 , 18 ]. Similarly, LPS injection has been reported to induce the production of IgG [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influences of dietary flavonoid (quercetin) supplementation on growth performance and immune response of growing pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

Park¹,

Shanmugam²,

Kim³

2020

J Anim Sci Technol

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of plant flavonoid (quercetin) on immune parameters, growth performance, and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 40 crossbred ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) growing pigs; initial body weight (BW) of 26.95 ± 1.26 kg were used in a six-week experimental trial. Pigs were randomly allocated into one of four treatment groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the following factors; without LPS challenge and with LPS challenge (day 21) supplemented with or without 0.1% flavonoid according to BW (2 replicate pens per treatment with 2 gilts and 3 barrows per pen). The singledose LPS (100 ug / kg BW) injection showed trends tended to be increased in interleukin-6 (IL-6) after 2 h and 6 h of challenge compared with unchallenged pigs. However, other measured immune indices (white blood cell, immunoglobulin G, lymphocyte, and tumor necrosis factor), growth performance, and nutrient digestibility were not significantly different between challenged and non-challenged animals. The supplementation of flavonoid significantly increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) during day 0-21, tended to increase dry matter and nitrogen digestibility, significantly reduced IL-6, increased Ig-G and WBC concentrations and increased lymphocytes percentage regardless of LPS challenge.

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“…In this study, we also found that LPS caused an increase in spleen weight in the sham-operated mice, and that SDV significantly alleviated the LPSinduced increase in spleen weight. In addition, it has been reported that repeated LPS (0.1 mg/kg/day for 10 days) administration increased spleen weight in rats 52 . Interestingly, we found positive correlations between IL-6 (or TNF-α) and spleen weight, indicating a close relationship between peripheral inflammation and spleen weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A key role of the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve in the depression-like phenotype and abnormal composition of gut microbiota in mice after lipopolysaccharide administration

et al. 2020

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The vagus nerve plays a role in the cross talk between the brain and gut microbiota, which could be involved in depression. The subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve serves as a major modulatory pathway between the brain and gut microbiota. Here, we investigated the effects of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (SDV) on the depression-like phenotype and the abnormal composition of gut microbiota in mice after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. LPS caused a depression-like phenotype, inflammation, increase in spleen weight, and downregulation of synaptic proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the sham-operated mice. In contrast, LPS did not produce a depression-like phenotype and downregulated synaptic proteins in the mPFC after SDV. The spleen weight and plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the SDV + LPS group were lower than those of the sham + LPS group. Interestingly, there were positive correlations between the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and spleen weight, suggesting a relationship between inflammatory events and spleen weight. Furthermore, LPS led to significant alterations in gut microbiota diversity in sham-operated mice, but not SDV-operated mice. In an unweighted UniFrac PCoA, the dots representing the sham + LPS group were located far away from the dots representing the other three groups. Our results suggest that LPS produces a depression-like phenotype, increases spleen weight, triggers inflammation, downregulates synaptic proteins in the mPFC, and leads to abnormal composition of gut microbiota via the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve. It is likely that the vagus nerve plays a crucial role in the brain-gut-microbiota axis.

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Effects of repeated lipopolysaccharide treatment on growth performance, immune organ index, and blood parameters of Sprague-Dawley rats

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

6‐Gingerol, an active constituent of ginger, attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced oxidation, inflammation, cognitive deficits, neuroplasticity, and amyloidogenesis in rat

6‐Gingerol, an active constituent of ginger, attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced oxidation, inflammation, cognitive deficits, neuroplasticity, and amyloidogenesis in rat

Influences of dietary flavonoid (quercetin) supplementation on growth performance and immune response of growing pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

A key role of the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve in the depression-like phenotype and abnormal composition of gut microbiota in mice after lipopolysaccharide administration

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