Effects of Reinforcer Duration on ʼthe Response Behavior of Preterm 2-Year-Olds in Visual Reinforcement Audiometry

Culpepper, Brandt; Thompson, Gary

doi:10.1097/00003446-199404000-00005

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…While performing BOA, we have to keep in mind [1] that the individual ear cannot be tested. [2] The judgment of the audiologist may be biased [3] on repeated testing or the baby may be habituated or exhausted [4] The responsiveness varies with the age for the same intensity. Hence, a chart must be made displaying the guidelines of the test and the response expected.…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

National deafness program and behavioral enforcement audiometry

Taneja¹

2012

Indian J Otol

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Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

National deafness program and behavioral enforcement audiometry

Taneja¹

2012

Indian J Otol

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“…Reinforcement duration also is a factor influencing response outcome from children in the 2-year-old age range. 39 Decreasing the duration of a child's exposure to the visual reinforcer (e.g., 4 to 0.5 seconds) results in an increase in response behavior and a decrease in habituation. Audiologists may increase the amount of audiometric information obtained from children by decreasing their exposure to the visual reinforcer.…”

Section: Procedural Guidelines For Visual Reinforcement Audiometry Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Hearing Assessment: Considerations for the Young Child with Developmental Disabilities

2003

Semin Hear

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The current trend in audiological practice is to see children for diagnostic evaluation at earlier ages. From an audiological perspective, the influence of developmental delay on the selection of age-appropriate assessment tools must be considered. For newborns and young infants (< 6 months), a physiologic measure is the approach of choice. Older infants and children, however, can be tested efficiently and effectively with both behavioral and physiologic measures. It is possible to approach the behavioral assessment of infants and young children through operant conditioning paradigms, specifically through an operant discrimination procedure. Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) and conditioned play audiometry (CPA) are valid and reliable test procedures for infants and young children in need of initial and on-going assessment as long as the child's developmental age is appropriate for the test procedure selected. The success of either technique is related to the developmental status of the child being examined. This article examines the relationships among chronologic age, corrected age, and developmental age on behavioral assessment, and addresses factors one should consider when assessing infants and young children with VRA and CPA.

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Visual Reinforcement Audiometry Using Digital Video Disc and Conventional Reinforcers

2003

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Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) is a test procedure routinely used to evaluate hearing in infants and young children (6 months to 2 years). Most research and current clinical practice uses flashing lights and/or animated toys to provide reinforcement to a child during VRA. New technology capable of generating a moving video image is now available for providing visual reinforcement to infants during VRA testing. It is reasonable to expect that video images, with presumed greater novelty and complexity, would be more interesting and rewarding to children than conventional, animated mechanical toy reinforcers. On the other hand, in today's society, children are frequently exposed to video images in the home and elsewhere. Therefore, three-dimensional animated toys may present with greater novelty than video images. The purpose of this study was to compare auditory localization behavior, as defined by the number of head turn responses until habituation, during VRA with 2-year-old children using two types of reinforcers: (a) moving images generated by a digital video disc player/monitor and (b) a conventional, animated mechanical toy. Twenty children were selected randomly from a total group of 40 and tested using conventional reinforcement. The remaining 20 children were tested using video reinforcement. The average number of head turn responses prior to habituation was approximately 15 for the video-reinforced group and approximately 11 for the conventional toy-reinforced group, suggesting that during VRA a video image may be more reinforcing than a conventional animated toy.

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Effects of Reinforcer Duration on ʼthe Response Behavior of Preterm 2-Year-Olds in Visual Reinforcement Audiometry

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

National deafness program and behavioral enforcement audiometry

National deafness program and behavioral enforcement audiometry

Behavioral Hearing Assessment: Considerations for the Young Child with Developmental Disabilities

Visual Reinforcement Audiometry Using Digital Video Disc and Conventional Reinforcers

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