Effects of reduced exposure to cigarette smoking on changes in biomarkers of potential harm in adult smokers: results of combined analysis of two clinical studies

Abstract

Purpose: Nonconventional vapor products (NVP), designed to reduce exposure to cigarette smoke toxicants (CSTs), could cause changes in biomarkers of potential harm (BoPH). Although, NVPs reduced CSTs exposure compared to conventional cigarettes (CC), the changes in the BoPH values varied among the studies. Hence, further information on BoPH using NVPs is needed. Material and methods: The data of two similarly designed studies using a kind of NVP, a noncombustion and nonheating inhaler type of smokeless tobacco product (NCIT) used under 31-day confinement, were pooled, and the differences in 15 BoPH between smokers and nonsmokers at baseline and between the 1 mg tar CC (CC1) group and NCIT group at Day 28/29 were analyzed. Results: At baseline, the levels of eight BoPH (red blood cells, white blood cells, 8-epi-prostaglandin F2a, 8-hydroxy-2 0-deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde, 11-dehydrothromboxane B2, total cholesterol and glucose) were significantly different between smokers and nonsmokers. At Day 28/29, the levels of six BoPH were significantly different between NCIT and CC1 (8-epi-prostaglandin F2a, malondialdehyde, 11-dehydrothromboxane B2: CC1 > NCIT, total bilirubin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol: CC1 < NCIT). Conclusions: Reduced exposure to CSTs has favorable effects on BoPH associated with oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and platelet activation/coagulation but not in lipid metabolism.

Urinary Malondialdehyde (MDA) Concentrations in the General Population—A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Even though urinary and plasma MDA concentrations are associ-ated, and plasma MDA concentrations have been shown to be different in smokers and non-smokers [73,74], we did not find a clear difference in smoking status, albeit the median urinary MDA concentration values seemed slightly higher among smokers. Other studies [34,75] have shown urinary MDA concentrations to be significantly greater in smokers compared to non-smokers. The lack of observed difference between these groups in our review might be related to the number of cigarettes smoked, as suggested in a previous review [74], which found a dose-dependent relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and plasma MDA concentration.…”

“…Figure 5. Forest plot of urinary MDA concentration (mg/g creatinine) in healthy adult (18+ years) by smoking/non-smoking groups (non-smok:[31][32][33][34][35]37,39,40,42,43,45,50,51,56,62], mixed:[38,45,50,54,59,60], smokers:[34,37,39,42,62], NA:[7,30,36,41,44,[46][47][48][49]52,53,55,57,58,61,63].…”

Differences in Levels of Biomarkers of Potential Harm Among Users of a Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Product, Cigarette Smokers, and Never-Smokers in Japan: A Post-Marketing Observational Study

“… 33 There is a trend for levels of 11-DHTXB2, 2,3-d-TXB2, and 8-epi-PGF2α to be higher in smokers than in non-smokers in healthy subjects. 20 , 44 , 45 , 50 Elevated levels of 11-DHTXB2, 2,3-d-TXB2, and 8-epi-PGF2α in smokers were reported to decrease following smoking cessation. 4 , 20 In the present study, significantly lower levels of 11-DHTXB2, 2,3-d-TXB2, and 8-epi-PGF2α in NTV users compared to CC smokers were found and there was no difference between the NTV users and the NS subjects in biomarker levels except for 2,3-d-TXB2 (2,3-d-TXB2: NTV > NS, p = .0312).…”