Effects of recovery interval duration on the parameters of the critical power model for incremental exercise

Vinetti, Giovanni; Fagoni, Nazzareno; Taboni, Anna; Camelio, Stefano; Prampero, P. E. di; Ferretti, Guido

doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3662-5

“…3 a). This is in keeping with previous studies demonstrating an exponential recovery of W ′ as a function of W ′ (Skiba et al 2015 ; Vinetti et al 2017 ). However, when expressed as a percentage of W ′ recovery, this relationship disappeared in the trained group and was negative in the untrained group, i.e., those with the highest W ′ reconstituted the smallest fractional of W ′ during recovery (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…W′ rec1 and W′ rec2 were defined as W′ reconstituted during the first recovery and second recovery periods, respectively; the difference between W′ reconstitution during the first and second recovery periods was defined as ∆W′ rec . The W′ reconstitution time constant τ was calculated based on an exponential recovery of W′ (Vinetti et al 2017) using the natural logarithm Eq. 2: For pulmonary gas exchange parameters, errant breaths, defined where VȮ 2 differed from the local mean by ≥ 4 SD, were removed.…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and anthropometric determinants of critical power, W′ and the reconstitution of W′ in trained and untrained male cyclists

Chorley

¹

,

Bott

²

,

Marwood

³

et al. 2020

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Purpose This study examined the relationship of physiological and anthropometric characteristics with parameters of the critical power (CP) model, and in particular the reconstitution of W′ following successive bouts of maximal exercise, amongst trained and untrained cyclists. Methods Twenty male adults (trained nine; untrained 11; age 39 ± 15 year; mass 74.7 ± 8.7 kg; V̇O2max 58.0 ± 8.7 mL kg−1 min−1) completed three incremental ramps (20 W min−1) to exhaustion interspersed with 2-min recoveries. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to assess relationships for W′ reconstitution after the first recovery (W′rec1), the delta in W′ reconstituted between recoveries (∆W′rec), CP and W′. Results CP was strongly related to V̇O2max for both trained (r = 0.82) and untrained participants (r = 0.71), whereas W′ was related to V̇O2max when both groups were considered together (r = 0.54). W′rec1 was strongly related to V̇O2max for the trained (r = 0.81) but not untrained (r = 0.18); similarly, ∆W′rec was strongly related to V̇O2max (r = − 0.85) and CP (r = − 0.71) in the trained group only. Conclusions Notable physiological relationships between parameters of aerobic fitness and the measurements of W′ reconstitution were observed, which differed among groups. The amount of W′ reconstitution and the maintenance of W′ reconstitution that occurred with repeated bouts of maximal exercise were found to be related to key measures of aerobic fitness such as CP and V̇O2max. This data demonstrates that trained cyclists wishing to improve their rate of W′ reconstitution following repeated efforts should focus training on improving key aspects of aerobic fitness such as V̇O2max and CP.

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“…Despite some previous findings about the effects of protocol (i.e. workload vs recovery ratio) on O 2max (Vinetti et al 2017 ), these findings reinforce previous data demonstrating that O 2max was independent of the protocol adopted across different incremental testing procedures (Bentley et al 2007 ; Billat et al 1996 ; Riboli et al 2017 ). The present outcomes are in line with previous literature, in which no differences in O 2max were observed between protocols in different populations, such as recreationally-active men (Kirkeberg et al 2011 ), physically-active young adults (Riboli et al 2017 ), semi-professional soccer players (Riboli et al 2021 ) and competitive middle- and long-distance runners (Billat et al 1996 ; Kuipers et al 2003 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Conversely, incremental continuous protocols (CP) last short overall duration and they have been shown as a valid and reliable method to determine O 2max despite the submaximal physiological adjustments cannot be reached as in DP due to increments in work rate faster than cardiorespiratory and metabolic adjustments (Riboli et al 2017 , 2021 ). Despite in some intermittent protocols with very low workload vs recovery ratio O 2max may not be reached (Vinetti et al 2017 ), previous studies using CP and DP showed that O 2max was found to be independent from the protocol adopted (Kuipers et al 2003 ; Riboli et al 2017 , 2021 ). Conversely, testing protocols with shorter stage duration may lead to higher V max (Riboli et al 2017 ; Kuipers et al 2003 ; Adami et al 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training status affects between-protocols differences in the assessment of maximal aerobic velocity

Riboli

¹

,

Rampichini

²

,

Cè

³

et al. 2021

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Purpose Continuous incremental protocols (CP) may misestimate the maximum aerobic velocity (Vmax) due to increases in running speed faster than cardiorespiratory/metabolic adjustments. A higher aerobic capacity may mitigate this issue due to faster pulmonary oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2) kinetics. Therefore, this study aimed to compare three different protocols to assess Vmax in athletes with higher or lower training status. Methods Sixteen well-trained runners were classified according to higher (HI) or lower (LO) $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2max$$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2-kinetics was calculated across four 5-min running bouts at 10 km·h−1. Two CPs [1 km·h−1 per min (CP1) and 1 km·h−1 every 2-min (CP2)] were performed to determine Vmax$$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2max, lactate-threshold and submaximal $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2/velocity relationship. Results were compared to the discontinuous incremental protocol (DP). Results Vmax, $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2max, $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ CO2 and VE were higher [(P < 0.05,(ES:0.22/2.59)] in HI than in LO. $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2-kinetics was faster [P < 0.05,(ES:-2.74/ − 1.76)] in HI than in LO. $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2/velocity slope was lower in HI than in LO [(P < 0.05,(ES:-1.63/ − 0.18)]. Vmax and $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2/velocity slope were CP1 > CP2 = DP for HI and CP1 > CP2 > DP for LO. A lower [P < 0.05,(ES:0.53/0.75)] Vmax-difference for both CP1 and CP2 vs DP was found in HI than in LO. Vmax-differences in CP1 vs DP showed a large inverse correlation with Vmax, $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2max and lactate-threshold and a very large correlation with $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2-kinetics. Conclusions Higher aerobic training status witnessed by faster $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2 kinetics led to lower between-protocol Vmax differences, particularly between CP2 vs DP. Faster kinetics may minimize the mismatch issues between metabolic and mechanical power that may occur in CP. This should be considered for exercise prescription at different percentages of Vmax.

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“…Since muscle O 2 is related to muscle reduction [Pcr] (di Prampero and Margaria 1968 ; Meyer 1988 ), the faster [Pcr] is depleted, the faster the O 2 increases. Conversely, during the recovery phase (below CP), [Pcr] resynthesis and W ′ recovery follow an exponential trend (Meyer 1988 ; Ferguson et al 2010 ; Skiba et al 2012 , 2014 ; Jones and Vanhatalo 2017 ; Vinetti et al 2017 ). Indeed, when exercise generates a large depletion of [Pcr], the resynthesis rate is faster in the beginning of the recovery and it slows when approaching complete restoration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-intensity decreasing interval training (HIDIT) increases time above 90% $$\dot{V}$$O2peak

Vaccari

¹

,

Giovanelli

²

,

Lazzer

³

2020

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Purpose Training near $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2max is considered to be the most effective way to enhance $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2max. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a well-known time-efficient training method for improving cardiorespiratory and metabolic function and $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2max. While long HIIT bouts allow $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2max to be achieved quickly, short HIIT bouts improve time to exhaustion (Tlim). The aim of this study was to evaluate the time spent above 90% $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak (T > 90% $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak) during three different HIIT protocols. Methods Twelve cyclists performed three HIIT sessions. Each protocol had the same work and recovery power and ratio of work·recovery−1. The protocols consisted of long-interval HIIT (LIHIIT, 3 min work—2 min recovery), short-interval HIIT (SIHIIT, 30 s work—20 s recovery), and high-intensity decreasing interval training (HIDIT, work from 3 min to 30 s and recovery from 2 min to 20 s). T > 90% $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak, Tlim, blood lactate [La], and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at Tlim. Results T > 90% $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak was greater in HIDIT (312 ± 207 s) than in SIHIIT (182 ± 225 s; P = 0.036) or LIHIIT (179 ± 145 s; P = 0.027). Tlim was not significantly different (P > 0.05) between HIDIT (798 ± 185 s), SIHIIT (714 ± 265 s), and LIHIIT (664 ± 282). At Tlim, no differences in [La] and RPE were found between protocols (P > 0.05). Conclusion HIDIT showed the highest T > 90% $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak, suggesting that it may be a good strategy to increase time close to $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak, despite similar Tlim, [La], and RPE at Tlim.

show abstract

Effects of recovery interval duration on the parameters of the critical power model for incremental exercise

Abstract: The linear [Formula: see text] model for ramp exercise represents a particular case (for t = 0 s) of a more general model, accounting for energy resynthesis following oxygen deficit payment during recovery.

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Physiological and anthropometric determinants of critical power, W′ and the reconstitution of W′ in trained and untrained male cyclists

Physiological and anthropometric determinants of critical power, W′ and the reconstitution of W′ in trained and untrained male cyclists

Training status affects between-protocols differences in the assessment of maximal aerobic velocity

High-intensity decreasing interval training (HIDIT) increases time above 90% $$\dot{V}$$O2peak

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