Effects of reaction temperature and reaction time on the hydrothermal liquefaction of demineralized wastewater algal biomass

Carpio, Rowena B.; Zhang, Yuanhui; Kuo, Chih Ting; Chen, Wan‐Ting; Schideman, Lance; Leon, Rizalinda de

doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100679

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The results showed that as the temperature increased from 220 • C to 300 • C, the total oil yield reached the maximum at the medium temperature (260 • C), which was consistent with other research reports [23,24]. The HO yield showed a continuously increasing trend with increasing temperature, which was slightly different from other studies [25]. The main reason might be that the special catalyst used in this study can effectively inhibit coking and promote the conversion of more water-soluble components to HO.…”

Section: Effects Of Solvents At Different Temperaturessupporting

confidence: 85%

Ethanol-Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Poplar Using Fe-Co/Al2O3 as Catalyst

Shakeel

Zhang

et al. 2022

Energies

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Although the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into bio-oil with high yield/quality through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is promising, it still faces many challenges. In this study, a Fex-Co(1-x)/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared with the coprecipitation method and low-content ethanol was used as the cosolvent for the HTL of poplar. The results showed that the Fex-Co(1-x)/Al2O3 catalyst significantly promoted the yield and energy recovery rate (ERR) of bio-oil compared with the control (10% ethanol content). At 260 °C for 30 min, 60Fe-40Co/Al2O3 had the best catalytic effect, achieving the highest bio-oil yield (67.35%) and ERR (93.07%). As a multifunctional bimetallic catalyst, Fex-Co(1-x)/Al2O3 could not only increase the degree of hydrogenation deoxidization of the product but also promote the diversity of phenolic compounds gained from lignin. The bio-oil obtained from HTL with Fex-Co(1-x)/Al2O3 as catalyst contained lower heterocyclic nitrogen, promoting the transfer of more bio-oil components to substances with lower boiling point.

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Section: Effects Of Solvents At Different Temperaturessupporting

confidence: 85%

Ethanol-Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Poplar Using Fe-Co/Al2O3 as Catalyst

Shakeel

Zhang

et al. 2022

Energies

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“…The optimized reaction temperature was recorded as 280 °C for 1 h reaction time. Moreover, the GC-MS study revealed that the bio-oil was rich in hydrocarbons and found comparable with the fuel properties of various international levels (Carpio et al, 2021).…”

Section: Analysis Of Various Studies Of Catalytic and Non-catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Feasibility of Utilizing Wastewaters for Large-Scale Microalgal Cultivation and Biofuel Productions Using Hydrothermal Liquefaction Technique: A Comprehensive Review

Bagchi

Patnaik

Prasad

2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The two major bottlenecks faced during microalgal biofuel production are, (a) higher medium cost for algal cultivation, and (b) cost-intensive and time consuming oil extraction techniques. In an effort to address these issues in the large scale set-ups, this comprehensive review article has been systematically designed and drafted to critically analyze the recent scientific reports that demonstrate the feasibility of microalgae cultivation using wastewaters in outdoor raceway ponds in the first part of the manuscript. The second part describes the possibility of bio-crude oil production directly from wet algal biomass, bypassing the energy intensive and time consuming processes like dewatering, drying and solvents utilization for biodiesel production. It is already known that microalgal drying can alone account for ∼30% of the total production costs of algal biomass to biodiesel. Therefore, this article focuses on bio-crude oil production using the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process that converts the wet microalgal biomass directly to bio-crude in a rapid time period. The main product of the process, i.e., bio-crude oil comprises of C16-C20 hydrocarbons with a reported yield of 50–65 (wt%). Besides elucidating the unique advantages of the HTL technique for the large scale biomass processing, this review article also highlights the major challenges of HTL process such as update, and purification of HTL derived bio-crude oil with special emphasis on deoxygenation, and denitrogenation problems. This state of art review article is a pragmatic analysis of several published reports related to algal crude-oil production using HTL technique and a guide towards a new approach through collaboration of industrial wastewater bioremediation with rapid one-step bio-crude oil production from chlorophycean microalgae.

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“…The carbon ratio of bio-oil increased with temperature and atmosphere and oxygen content was significantly reduced, likely due to the deoxygenation reactions under reduced conditions. The HHV of bio-oil increased with temperature and pressure, from 26.5 to 29.4 MJ/kg, which was relatively lower compared to those of fossil-based crude (HHV 42.7 MJ/kg) (Carpio et al, 2021). The energy recovery ranged between 31.58 and 73.01%, with the bio-crude percentages ranging from 25.5 to 53% and the elemental enrichment maximizing (C-65.67%; H-74.8%; N-33.4%; O-35.8%) in H-HTL at 250 °C (Table 4).…”

Section: Bio-oilmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…HTL uses water as a catalyst to convert algae biomass to bio-crude and other by-products in an inert or reducing system (oxygen-free) at elevated temperatures and high pressures of 5-28 MPa (Katakojwala et al, 2020;Hao et al, 2021;Kopperi et al, 2022). Process conditions such as solid-to-liquid ratio, feedstock composition, temperature, solvent, pressure, and catalyst impact the efficiency and specificity of the reaction products (Carpio et al, 2021). The practical application of HTL for converting organic feedstock into biofuels and further upgradation resulting in aviation/jet fuels with zero waste is of increasing interest in the global community (Hao et al, 2021;Kopperi et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative appraisal of nutrient recovery, bio-crude, and bio-hydrogen production using Coelestrella sp. in a closed-loop biorefinery

Kopperi

Mohan

2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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A closed loop algal-biorefinery was designed based on a three-stage integration of dairy wastewater (DWW) treatment, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of defatted algal biomass, and acidogenic process in a semi-synthetic framework. Initially, Coelestrella sp SVMIICT5 was grown in a 5 L photo-bioreactor and scaled up to a 50 L flat-panel photo-bioreactor using DWW. The microalgal growth showed higher photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in a biomass growth of 3.2 g/L of DCW with 87% treatment efficiency. The biomolecular composition showed 26% lipids with a good fatty acid profile (C12-C21) as well as carbohydrate (24.9%) and protein (31.8%) content. In the second stage, the de-oiled algal biomass was valorized via HTL at various temperatures (150°C, 200°, and 250°C) and reaction atmospheres (N2 and H2). Among these, the 250°C (H2) condition showed a 52% bio-crude fraction and an HHV of ∼29.47 MJ/kg (bio-oil) with a saturated hydrocarbon content of 64.3% that could be further upgraded to jet fuels. The energy recovery (73.01%) and elemental enrichment (carbon; 65.67%) were relatively greater in H2 compared to N2 conditions. Finally, dark fermentation of the complex-structured HTL-AF stream resulted in a total bio-H2 production of 231 ml/g of TOC with a 63% treatment efficiency. Life cycle analysis (LCA) was also performed for the mid-point and damage categories to assess the sustainability of the integrated process. Thus, the results of this study demonstrated comprehensive wastewater treatment and valorization of de-oiled algal biomass for chemical/fuel intermediates in the biorefinery context by low-carbon processes.

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Effects of reaction temperature and reaction time on the hydrothermal liquefaction of demineralized wastewater algal biomass

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Ethanol-Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Poplar Using Fe-Co/Al2O3 as Catalyst

Ethanol-Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Poplar Using Fe-Co/Al2O3 as Catalyst

Feasibility of Utilizing Wastewaters for Large-Scale Microalgal Cultivation and Biofuel Productions Using Hydrothermal Liquefaction Technique: A Comprehensive Review

Comparative appraisal of nutrient recovery, bio-crude, and bio-hydrogen production using Coelestrella sp. in a closed-loop biorefinery

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