Effects of Rayleigh backscattering in single-source bidirectional fiber-optic systems using different modulation formats for downstream and upstream transmission

Mode-dependent characteristics of Rayleigh backscattering in weakly-coupled few-mode fiber

“…Especially in the FMF-based RAs, the RB induces strong multiplepath interference noise, resulting in the noise figure (NF) difference among propagation modes [6]. Meanwhile, as for the bidirectional transmission in passive optical network (PON), the RB is regarded as one of the dominant noise sources [7]. The eye diagram of the upstream mode channel is not as clear as that of the downstream mode channel partially due to the impact of RB when MDM is used, limiting the reaching distance [8].…”

Vision and Challenges of Underwater Optical Wireless Communication - A Survey

“…Also, it can have some importance in energy efficiency. Some of the modulation modes that most used today include optical a pulse position modulation (PPM), a frequency shift keying (FSK), an on-off keying modulation (OOK), and a differential phase shift keying (DPSK) [11]. Based on the result of recent studies, the PPM has a greater advantage than the others, especially in the practical applications.…”

DPSK for optical access networks

“…En esta implementación los autores muestran que la alimentación del receptor necesaria para el sistema bidireccional con DPSK / OOK es mucho menor que la requerida por el sistema utilizando la topología de OOK / OOK en OLT. [9]. Cabe anotar que sobre el esquema DPSK/OOK se han logrado transmisiones a 10Gbps para una distancia de 25Km [10].…”